Determination of Pb and Cr in sunscreen samples by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct analysis

Zmozinski, Ariane V.; Pretto, Tatiane; Borges, Aline Rocha; Duarte, Álvaro T.; Vale, Maria Goreti R.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2016.03.020

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Cobalt may be included as ingredient in the composition of the sunscreen, coating the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles powders, to improve their properties performance, as a colorant, and/or as skin conditioning . In previous studies, concentrations of Al, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Ti in sunscreen products have been reported in a wide range of concentrations (2.20 × 10 4 to 7.40 × 10 4 μg kg –1 for Al; <900–5.30 × 10 5 μg kg –1 for Cu; <200–5.90 × 10 5 μg kg –1 for Mn; 27.0–1.75 × 10 3 μg kg –1 for Pb; and 60.0–18.5 × 10 6 μg kg –1 for Ti). , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 In previous studies, concentrations of Al, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Ti in sunscreen products have been reported in a wide range of concentrations (2.20 × 10 4 to 7.40 × 10 4 μg kg −1 for Al; <900−5.30 × 10 5 μg kg −1 for Cu; <200− 5.90 × 10 5 μg kg −1 for Mn; 27.0−1.75 × 10 3 μg kg −1 for Pb; and 60.0−18.5 × 10 6 μg kg −1 for Ti). 9,10 Significant concentrations of phosphorus P (3.15 × 10 5 μg kg −1 ) and silicon (3.83 × 10 6 μg kg −1 ) were also measured in the sunscreen matrix. These nutrients are commonly used in the formulations of these cosmetics.…”

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sunscreens have also been identified as a significant source of inorganic nutrients, mainly PO 4 3− , in coastal and marine waters, raising the possibility of algae blooms in oligotrophic waters. 8 Furthermore, these cosmetics can be a source of highrisk substances such as metals, 9 many of which (i.e., Al, Zn, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Pb) have been detected and quantified in sunscreens. 8,10 It has been demonstrated that concentrations of some of these compounds from sunscreens released in coastal water (i.e., PO 4 3− , NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and Ti) vary during the course of a day, and this could be associated with variations in the beachgoers' activities and changes in solar radiation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sunscreens have also been identified as a significant source of inorganic nutrients, mainly PO 4 3– , in coastal and marine waters, raising the possibility of algae blooms in oligotrophic waters . Furthermore, these cosmetics can be a source of high-risk substances such as metals, many of which (i.e., Al, Zn, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Pb) have been detected and quantified in sunscreens. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sunscreens as a New Source of Metals and Nutrients to Coastal Waters

Rodríguez‐Romero

Ruiz-Gutiérrez

Viguri

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Studies detailing the environmental impact of sunscreen products on coastal ecosystems are 3 considered a high priority. In the present study we have determined the release rate of dissolved 4 trace metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Co, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Ti) and inorganic nutrients (SiO 2 , P-PO 4 3− and N-NO 3-) from a commercial sunscreen in seawater, and the role of UV radiation in the mobilization of these compounds. Our results indicate that release rates are higher under UV light conditions for all compounds and trace metals except Pb. We have developed a kinetic model to establish the release pattern and the contribution to marine coastal waters of dissolved trace metals and inorganic nutrients from sunscreen products. We conservatively estimate that sunscreen from bathers is responsible for an increase of dissolved metals and nutrients ranging from 7.53 x 10-4 % for Ni up to 19.8 % for Ti. Our results demonstrate that sunscreen products are a significant source of metals and inorganic nutrients to coastal waters. The normally low environmental

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Science and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sunscreens as a New Source of Metals and Nutrients to Coastal Waters

Rodríguez‐Romero

Ruiz-Gutiérrez

Viguri

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More specifically, some concentrations of the compounds (e.g., those of PO 4 3-, NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and Ti) released into water vary during the course of a day, which is known to be associated with variations in beach-goer activities and changes in solar radiation [4]. Sunscreens have also been identified as sources of high-risk metal substances [91], many of which (e.g., Al, Zn, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, and Pb) have been detected and quantified in aquatic environments [4,92]. Moreover, the organic components of sunscreens are readily removed from particle surfaces [93,94], which leaves the inorganic UVFs exposed to the surrounding environment.…”

Section: Substantial Environmental Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Sunscreen-Derived Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Aquatic Environments: A Review

et al. 2022

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An increasing number of inorganic ultraviolet filters (UVFs), such as nanosized zinc oxide (nZnO) and titanium dioxide (nTiO2), are formulated in sunscreens because of their broad UV spectrum sunlight protection and because they limit skin damage. However, sunscreen-derived inorganic UVFs are considered to be emerging contaminants; in particular, nZnO and nTiO2 UVFs have been shown to undergo absorption and bioaccumulation, release metal ions, and generate reactive oxygen species, which cause negative effects on aquatic organisms. We comprehensively reviewed the current study status of the environmental sources, occurrences, behaviors, and impacts of sunscreen-derived inorganic UVFs in aquatic environments. We find that the associated primary nanoparticle characteristics and coating materials significantly affect the environmental behavior and fate of inorganic UVFs. The consequential ecotoxicological risks and underlying mechanisms are discussed at the individual and trophic transfer levels. Due to their persistence and bioaccumulation, more attention and efforts should be redirected to investigating the sources, fate, and trophic transfer of inorganic UVFs in ecosystems.

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A tandem ionic liquid‐based dispersive microextraction method using in‐syringe air‐assisted vesicle system for rapid determination of lead and cadmium in artificial sweat extract of facial cosmetic products

Akhtar

Kazi

Afridi

et al. 2020

Applied Organom Chemis

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In the present study an innovative tandem ionic liquid‐based dispersive microextraction method using an in‐syringe air‐assisted vesicle system was developed to determine the ultra‐trace levels of lead (PbII) and cadmium (CdII) ions in synthetic sweat extract of branded and nonbranded facial cosmetic products. This method is based on injecting 2‐amino‐3‐sulfhydrylpropanoic acid (l‐cysteine) (as an eco‐friendly chelating agent), hexafluorophosphate ion [PF6−] (as an ion pair agent) and 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [HMIM] [PF6] (as an acceptor phase) into the synthetic sweat extract of facial cosmetic products (branded and nonbranded). The acceleration of the dispersion process was carried out by rapid pressure in the syringe through the back‐and‐forth movement of plunger. The sediment phase was removed following centrifugation, and then hydrophobic complexes of analyte were back‐extracted into HNO3 and finally injected into a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Several factors were systematically optimized. The validity of the methodology was tested by analyzing spiked known standards of both metals in a real sample. The proposed method was applied to the artificial sweat extracts of face makeup products, indicating how much toxic metals from different cosmetics are directly absorbed into skin.

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Determination of Pb and Cr in sunscreen samples by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Sunscreens as a New Source of Metals and Nutrients to Coastal Waters

Sunscreens as a New Source of Metals and Nutrients to Coastal Waters

Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Sunscreen-Derived Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Aquatic Environments: A Review

A tandem ionic liquid‐based dispersive microextraction method using in‐syringe air‐assisted vesicle system for rapid determination of lead and cadmium in artificial sweat extract of facial cosmetic products

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