Determination of Pd, Pt and Rh in vehicles escape fumes by GF-AAS and ICP-OES

Gonçalves, A.P.; Domínguez, José Ramón; Alvarado, José

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2007.11.055

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In particular, platinum is an element used in catalytic converters, which catalyze the conversion of nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen. Platinum is released from exhaust fumes and has been previously studied [37]. Palacios et al [38] concluded that platinum is a principal component in exhaust fumes, with a particle size of less than 10 µm, and is released into airborne and dust sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques

Rivera

Rodriguez

2016

IJERPH

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Particulate matter accumulated on car engine air-filters (CAFs) was examined in order to investigate the potential use of these devices as efficient samplers for collecting street level air that people are exposed to. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of a variety of particles were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The particulate matter accumulated by the CAFs was studied in two categories; the first was of removed particles by friction, and the second consisted of particles retained on the filters. Larger particles with a diameter of 74–10 µm were observed in the first category. In the second one, the detected particles had a diameter between 16 and 0.7 µm. These particles exhibited different morphologies and composition, indicating mostly a soil origin. The elemental composition revealed the presence of three groups: mineral (clay and asphalt), metallic (mainly Fe), and biological particles (vegetal and animal debris). The palynological analysis showed the presence of pollen grains associated with urban plants. These results suggest that CAFs capture a mixture of atmospheric particles, which can be analyzed in order to monitor urban air. Thus, the continuous availability of large numbers of filters and the retroactivity associated to the car routes suggest that these CAFs are very useful for studying the high traffic zones within a city.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques

Rivera

Rodriguez

2016

IJERPH

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“…Determination of PGMs requires analytical methods of high sensitivity and selectivity, especially if they need to be quantified. Quantification most often relies on atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) (17)(18)(19), atomic emission spectrometry (AES) (19,20), and mass spectrometry (MS) (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Samples analysed by these methods must be in liquid state.…”

Section: Methods For Determining Pgms In Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in airborne particulate matter

Rinkovec

2019

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Measurable quantities of platinum, palladium, and rhodium, even in remote areas of the planet, evidence the global nature of pollution with these metals, mostly from catalytic converters of modern vehicles (other sources are jewellery production, chemical industry, and anticancer drugs). The amount of the platinum group metals (PGMs) emitted from automobile catalysts varies with the type, age, and condition of the engine and the catalyst, as well as the style of driving. Current literature suggests that the concentrations of these metals have increased considerably over the last twenty years, palladium concentrations in particular, as it has been proved more effective catalyst than platinum. However, whether and to what extent the emitted PGMs are toxic for people is still a controversy. The potential health risk from exposure to these elements is most likely for those living in urban environments with busy roads or along major highways. Because of the importance of PGMs and their trace levels in particulate matter, sensitive methods are required for reliable determination. This review discusses particular steps of analytical procedures for PGM quantification in airborne particulate matter and addresses the common preparation, detection, and determination methods.

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“…The composition of the catalysts affects their catalytic activity, which necessitates the control of the concentration of platinum and rhenium in them. To determine platinum and rhenium in aluminum oxide-based catalysts, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry [2][3][4], atomic absorption spectrometry [4], X-ray fluorescence analysis [5], neutron activation analysis [6], and coulometry [7] are used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Silica Chemically Modified by Sulfur-Containing Groups to the Separation and Determination of Platinum and Rhenium in Catalysts Based on Aluminum Oxide

et al. 2018

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⎯Adsorbents based on silica chemically modified by sulfur-containing groups (dithiocarbamate, thiodiazolethiol, mercaptophenyl, and aminobenzothiazole) quantitatively extract (recovery ≥99%) platinum(IV) from solutions ranging from 4 M HCl to pH 6. Under the conditions of the adsorption separation of platinum(IV), rhenium(VII) is not extracted and remains in the solution. The subsequent quantitative (98-99%) adsorption of rhenium(VII) is achieved in the presence of a 1000-fold excess of tin(II) chloride. Adsorption on the surface of adsorbents leads to the formation of platinum(II) complexes with sulfur-containing groups, luminescent at 77 K on irradiation with UV light. The luminescence spectra of surface platinum(II) complexes are located in the region of 550-700 nm. In the adsorption of rhenium(III) in the presence of tin(II) chloride, intensely colored brown complexes of rhenium formed on the surface of adsorbents. Electron paramagnetic resonance showed that, in the surface complexes, rhenium is in the oxidation state 2+. Silicas chemically modified by sulfur-containing groups were used in the development of procedures for the sequential isolation and determination of platinum and rhenium in solutions after the decomposition of aluminum-platinum-rhenium catalysts.

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Determination of Pd, Pt and Rh in vehicles escape fumes by GF-AAS and ICP-OES

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques

Characterization of Airborne Particles Collected from Car Engine Air Filters Using SEM and EDX Techniques

Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in airborne particulate matter

Application of Silica Chemically Modified by Sulfur-Containing Groups to the Separation and Determination of Platinum and Rhenium in Catalysts Based on Aluminum Oxide

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