Determination of pentobarbital and pentobarbital sodium in bulk drug substance and dosage forms by high-performance liquid chromatography

Morley, James A.; Elrod, Lee

doi:10.1016/s0731-7085(96)02045-6

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We adapted the HPLC method of Morley and Elrod (Morley & Elrod, 1997) for routine quantitative analysis. The major peak in our product (presumably pentobarbital) eluted at 14-15 min, in good agreement with the results of the published method ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ Morley and Elrod (Morley & Elrod, 1997) suggest three such impurities, and even 2-mercaptobenzothiazole has been suggested as a contaminant (residue from the rubber septum; (Garcia, 2004))].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method described by Morley and Elrod (Morley & Elrod, 1997) proved sufficient for routine analysis, giving well-resolved peaks for both pentobarbital and small impurities. The analysis time of 30-35 minutes was not excessive, given the low volume of samples we routinely encounter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis, Method 1: The sodium pentobarbital preparation was analyzed by HPLC, essentially as described by Morley and Elrod (Morley & Elrod, 1997). Briefly, elution was isocratic (1 mL/min) using a buffer consisting of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH = 3.5)/acetonitrile (72:28).…”

Section: Volume Finalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1: Chromatogram of injectable pentobarbital produced on-site, using the method of Morley and Elrod (1997). Injectable pentobarbital was diluted 1:1000 with ultrapure water, then applied to the column (reversedphase C 18 ).…”

Section: Figure Legendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injectable sodium pentobarbital: Stability at room temperature

Priest

Geisbuhler

2015

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Volume Finalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure Legendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injectable sodium pentobarbital: Stability at room temperature

Priest

Geisbuhler

2015

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

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Pharmaceuticals and Related Drugs

Gilpin

Pachla

1999

Anal. Chem.

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It does not cover biochemical or clinical aspects but deals only with unformulated and formulated products. The review continues to be divided into 11 major sections and in some cases subsection either by subtopic or by technique. Because of space limitations, a citation generally appears only in a single section and the articles selected do not represent an exhaustive review of the topics. GENERAL INFORMATIONExamples of comprehensive books and reviews that have been published in the last two years include the twenty-fifth volume of Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances and Excipients (1), Development and Validation of Analytical Methods (2), and Pharmaceuticals and Related Drugs (3). Three articles have appeared that deal with Assessment of Protein Drugs Obtained by Recombinant DNA Technology (4), Analytical Methods for Peptide Drugs Applicable to Process Control (5), and the purity, stability, and structural characteristics of insulin ( 6). Likewise, several other papers have addressed issues related to reference substances (7), validation (8), and content limits (9). Besides these, two books have been published that cover general aspects of the chromatographic analysis of pharmaceuticals (10, 11) and reviews have appeared that consider more specific chromatographic topics such as drug purity (12), quality control (13), and validation ( 14). The popularity of capillary electrophoretic methods continues to expand as do the number articles that deal with either experimental (15-17) or validation (18-20) issues. Other technique-related reviews have been concerned with flow injection analysis (21), ion-selective electrodes (22,23), ESI and MALDI mass spectrometry (24), scanning probe microscopy (25), thermoanalytical methods ( 26), the analysis of antibiotics by LC/MS (27), and the characterization of polymorphs and solvates by vibrational spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (28). ALKALOIDSSeparation-based methods continue to be the most widely used procedures for assaying alkaloids and their formulations. Two papers have been published that deal with optimization and validation of liquid chromatography (LC) procedures for major xanthine (A1) and opium (A2) alkaloids. Likewise, another account has appeared that describes the reversed-phase separation of morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine on a base-deactivated octadecyl column in combination with a gradient eluent containing 1-heptanesulfonic acid as the secondary modifier (A3). The morphine content in opium-ipecac tablets also has been evaluated by an alternate method which uses a phenyl bonded phase and a triethlyammonium phosphate buffer-methanol gradient as the eluent (A4). In both methods, each of the gradients takes ∼20 min to complete. A variety of other high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays have been reported during the last two years. Some examples of these include methods for theophylline and related compounds (A5, A6), atropine and atropine-like alkaloids (A7, A8), bromocriptine mesylate (A9), piloc...

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Determination of embutramide and pentobarbital in meat and bone meal by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry†

Hooijerink

Schilt²,

Brouwer³

et al. 1998

Analyst

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An analytical procedure, consisting of multiple steps, was developed for the analysis of meat and bone meal for two veterinary drugs, embutramide and pentobarbital, used for euthanasia. After a combined extraction, embutramide was converted to its trimethylsilylether derivative and pentobarbital was methylated. Both analytes were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron impact or chemical ionisation mode. Limits of determination and identification were between 50 and 100 micrograms kg-1 depending on the compound and the ionisation technique applied. Particular attention was focused on the identification of the analytes.

show abstract

Determination of pentobarbital and pentobarbital sodium in bulk drug substance and dosage forms by high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Injectable sodium pentobarbital: Stability at room temperature

Injectable sodium pentobarbital: Stability at room temperature

Pharmaceuticals and Related Drugs

Determination of embutramide and pentobarbital in meat and bone meal by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry†

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