Determination of pharmaceuticals classified as emerging pollutants using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

Abstract

A study on the simultaneous separation of 13 pharmaceutical products by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was presented. The parameters of the background electrolyte, such as pH, organic additives as well as types and concentrations of cyclodextrins (CD) were studied. The optimal separation conditions were achieved with a background electrolyte consisting of 9 mM Tris/5 mM lactic acid at pH 8.0, containing 5% n-propanol, 0.025% g-CD, 0.075% hydroxyl-b-CD and 0.15% dimethyl-b-CD. Limits of detections ranged from 61 to 1676 mg/L (S/N 5 3) and the relative standard deviations for migration time and peak area were below 2 and 6%, respectively. This demonstrated the potential of the capillary electrophoresis-capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection method for biomedical and environmental analysis, as shown in the determination of pharmaceuticals identified as emerging pollutants in water samples.

A compact and high‐resolution version of a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector

“…Over the years, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C 4 D) has been proposed to be used in new and challenging methods, beside those ones for its inherent niche: nonabsorbing species. Amino acids [8][9][10] and pharmaceuticals [11][12][13][14] are examples of analytes that can be determined when a convenient background electrolyte is selected. The main approach is to select a specific pH in which the analytes are cations (protonated species) or anions (deprotonated species).…”

Recent developments in electrochemical flow detections—A review

“…determination of pharmaceuticals classified as emerging pollutants [210]. Very recently this particular mode of conductivity detection was a subject of very detailed review [211].…”

Simultaneous determination of atenolol and amiloride in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

“…CE-C 4 D has been applied in the determination of small inorganic and organic ions, peptides, proteins, oligo-and polynucleotides and nucleic acid fragments Hauser, 2008, 2009). For reviews on capacitvely coupled contracless conductivity detection and their application in pharmaceutical and environmental analyses, see Quek et al (2008) and Henchoz et al (2007).…”