Determination of phenol and o-cresol by GC/MS in a fatal poisoning case

Boatto, Gianpiero; Nieddu, Maria; Carta, Antonio; Pau, Amedeo; Lorenzoni, Salvatore; Manconi, Paola Maria; Serra, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.10.023

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In general, phenol and p-cresol detection are described by GC-MS following derivatisation. 35,36 Glycolic acid and meso-erythrol could only be detected upon direct infusion. These compounds were most likely too polar to be retained by the HSS T3 column.…”

Section: Development Of the Metabolomic Analysis Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach for Metabolomic Fingerprinting of the Human Gut Phenotype

et al. 2015

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Fecal samples are an obvious choice for metabolomic approaches, since they can be obtained noninvasively and allow one to study the interactions between the gut microbiota and the host. The use of ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS) in this field is unique. Hence, this study relied on Orbitrap HRMS to develop and validate a metabolic fingerprinting workflow for human feces and in vitro digestive fluids. After chemometric sample extraction optimization, an aqueous dilution appeared necessary to comply to the dynamic range of the MS. The method was proven "fit-for-purpose" through a validation procedure that monitored endogenous metabolites in quality control samples, which displayed in both matrices an excellent linearity (R(2) > 0.990), recoveries ranging from 93% to 105%, and precision with coefficients of variation (CVs) < 15%. Finally, feces from 10 healthy individuals and 13 patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease were subjected to metabolomic fingerprinting. 9553 ions were detected, as well as differentiating profiles between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis by means of (orthogonal) partial least-square analysis ((O)PLS)-DA (discriminate analysis) models. Additionally, samples from the dynamic gastrointestinal tract simulator (SHIME (Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem) platform) were analyzed resulting in 6446 and 5010 ions for the proximal and distal colonic samples, respectively. Supplementing SHIME feed with antibiotics resulted in a significant shift (P< 0.05) of 27.7% of the metabolites from the proximal data set and 34.3% for the distal one. As a result, the presented fingerprinting approach provided predictive modeling of the gastrointestinal metabolome in vivo and in vitro, offering a window to reveal disease related biomarkers and potential insight into the mechanisms behind pathologies.

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Section: Development Of the Metabolomic Analysis Methodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validated High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach for Metabolomic Fingerprinting of the Human Gut Phenotype

et al. 2015

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“…Phenol, particularly in high concentrations, is an irritating and corrosive substance, making mucosal membranes targets of toxicity in humans and animals. Fatalities due to ingestion have been reported (Boatto et al, 2004; Cronin, 1949; Soares, 1982; Stajduhar-Cazic, 1968; Tanaka et al, 1998). Estimated lethal oral doses of phenol in adults vary widely, from 1 g (14 mg/kg, assuming an adult body weight of 70 kg) to as much as 65 g (930 mg/kg, assuming an adult body weight of 70 kg) (Bruce and Neal, 1987; Deichmann, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of phenol on barrier function of a human intestinal epithelial cell line correlate with altered tight junction protein localization

McCall

Betanzos

Weber

et al. 2009

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

112

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Phenol contamination of soil and water has raised concerns among people living near phenolproducing factories and hazardous waste sites containing the chemical. Phenol, particularly in high concentrations, is an irritating and corrosive substance, making mucosal membranes targets of toxicity in humans. However, few data on the effects of phenol after oral exposure exist.We used an in vitro model employing human intestinal epithelial cells (SK-CO15) cultured on permeable supports to examine effects of phenol on epithelial barrier function. We hypothesized that phenol disrupts epithelial barrier by altering tight junction (TJ) protein expression. The dose-response effect of phenol on epithelial barrier function was determined using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-dextran permeability measurements. We studied phenol-induced changes in cell morphology and expression of several tight junction proteins by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Effects on cell viability were assessed by MTT, Trypan blue, propidium iodide and TUNEL staining.Exposure to phenol resulted in decreased TER and increased paracellular flux of FITC-dextran in a dose-dependent manner. Delocalization of claudin-1 and ZO-1 from TJs to cytosol correlated with the observed increase in permeability after phenol treatment. Additionally, the decrease in TER correlated with changes in the distribution of a membrane raft marker, suggesting phenol-mediated effects on membrane fluidity. Such observations were independent of effects of phenol on cell viability as enhanced permeability occurred at doses of phenol that did not cause cell death. Overall, these findings suggest that phenol may affect transiently the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, thus destabilizing TJ-containing microdomains.

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“…Thus, rapid and sensitive detection of variations of phenol in water is imperative . Currently, mainly detection methods of phenol are spectrophotometry, chromatography [4,5], extraction separation [6,7], liquid chromatography [8], and spectrometry, etc. The existing problems such as using toxic organic solvent extraction, fussy operation, and being time-consuming are in some of these methods as mentioned above .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Spectra and Intensity of 3D Fluorescence of Phenol Dissolved in Water

Xiao¹,

Chen²,

Zhou³

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering

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The technique of three dimension (3D) Fluorescence Spectra was used to rapidly analyze the concentration of phenol in waters. Distilled water and river water as solvents were prepared for standard Phenol liquids which were analyzed by fluorospectro photometer. With the concentration of phenol increases, the peak of fluorescence can be identified more clearly. The phenol in distilled water, correlation between concentration and fluorescence intensity is 0.999. The maximum fluorescence intensity at the characteristic wavelength of phenol replaced peak intensity to exclude the offset of the curve of peak intensity due to the fluorescence of low phenol concentration was affected by other fluorescence matters from river water, correlation is 0.9998. These results indicated that phenol concentration can be measured by fluorospectro photometer to monitor the phenol pollution in drinking water system. Keywords-3D fluorescence spectra; phenol; fluorescence intensity; rapid measurement; drinking water systemI.

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Determination of phenol and o-cresol by GC/MS in a fatal poisoning case

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Validated High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach for Metabolomic Fingerprinting of the Human Gut Phenotype

Validated High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Approach for Metabolomic Fingerprinting of the Human Gut Phenotype

Effects of phenol on barrier function of a human intestinal epithelial cell line correlate with altered tight junction protein localization

Analysis of Spectra and Intensity of 3D Fluorescence of Phenol Dissolved in Water

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