Determination of phenolic compounds in water using membrane inlet mass spectrometry

Ojala, Marja; Ketola, Raimo A.; Virkki, Vesa T.; Sorsa, Harri; Kotiaho, Tapio

doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(96)02169-8

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The MIMS method was introduced by Hoch and Kok in 1963. Since then, it has been applied to the analysis of environmental water − and air − samples as well as to the monitoring of chemical and biochemical processes. − The MIMS technique has also been shown to be a very suitable method for on-line and on-site analysis of VOCs from water and air samples. ,,− Membrane inlet mass spectrometry also offers some other important advantages compared to conventional GC and GC/MS analyses. The MIMS method is considerably faster, since pretreatment of the samples is not necessary.…”

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“…The MIMS method was introduced by Hoch and Kok 26 in 1963. Since then, it has been applied to the analysis of environmental water [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and air [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] samples as well as to the monitoring of chemical and biochemical processes. [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] The MIMS technique has also been shown to be a very suitable method for on-line and on-site analysis of VOCs from water and air samples.…”

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Analysis of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds in Air by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry

et al. 1997

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The suitability of membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) for the analysis of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs) in air samples was studied. A custom-made gas calibrator proved to be a more accurate, rapid, and convenient way to produce gas standards than gas bags, and therefore, it was used in the evaluation of the suitability of MIMS for the analysis of VOSCs in air samples. The detection limits of volatile sulfur compounds were a few micrograms per cubic meter, the measured dynamic ranges were 4 orders of magnitude, the calculated correlation coefficients were between 0.9972 and 0.9994 at concentration levels of 10−370 μg/m3, and repeatabilities defined as a relative standard deviation of six successive injections were in the range of 1.3−7.3%. The results indicate that MIMS is an excellent method for the analysis of VOSCs in air samples.

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Analysis of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds in Air by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry

et al. 1997

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“…However, some organic compounds, especially chlorophenols, do not have favorable gas chromatographic properties because of their relative polarity, thermal instability and low volatility, thereby causing adsorption and tailing of chromatographic peaks [30]. These shortcomings can be overcome to a large extent by derivatization, such as methylation [12,30], pentafluorobenzylation [31,32] and acetylation [10,13,33]. However, different detection limits are reported by different analysts even the same derivatization method was used.…”

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Determination of pentachlorophenol in wastewater irrigated soils and incubated earthworms

Liu

Wen

Shan

2006

Talanta

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The analyses of low pentachlorophenol (PCP) in soils and earthworms require a sensitive and reliable analytical method. In this paper, several derivatization methods and extraction solvents were compared systematically. The derivatization reagents included acetic anhydride, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) and diazomethane. Hexane, acetone, hexane-acetone (1:1), dichloromethane and methanol were used as the extraction solvents. PFBBr derivatization showed the highest sensitivity. The derivatization parameters of PFBBr including the amount of PFBBr, the power and irradiation time of microwave were optimized. As a result, 200 l of PFBBr (10%) at 150 W of microwave oven for 30 min achieved the best result. The PFBBr derivatization method had the detection limit of 0.07 g l −1 of PCP. Extraction by a mixture of hexane and acetone (1:1) showed the best recoveries. The recommended method was used to determine the low PCP in soils irrigated by wastewater and earthworms incubated in the corresponding soils. The concentrations of PCP in soils were in the range of 1.38-179 ng g −1 , while those in earthworms were 11.2-262 ng g −1 . The recoveries of the surrogate standard (trichlorophenol) ranged from 81.1% to 107%, demonstrating the merit of the method.

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“…Ojala et al 11 studied the applicability of MIMS to the analysis of phenolic compounds in water by direct analysis and analysis after acetylation of the phenolic compounds and showed that off-line acetylation of phenols in water enhances conventional MIMS detections limits (30 mg L À1 for phenol, 60 mg L À1 for pentachlorophenol and 1000 mg L À1 for nitro-phenol) by nearly 2 orders of magnitude, obtaining limits of detection (LODs) in the range of 0.5 mg L À1 for phenol, 5 mg L À1 for pentachlorophenol and 10 mg L À1 for nitrophenol. Using a conventional MIMS system coupled to flow injection analysis (FIA), that is, a FIA-MIMS system with online acetylation, we showed 12 the high sensitivity of this method for the quantification of the phenolic compounds in water, with LODs of the order of 0.5 mg L À1 for phenol and 20 mg L À1 for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.…”

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Quantitation of trace phenolic compounds in water by trap‐and‐release membrane introduction mass spectrometry after acetylation

Sparrapan

Eberlin

Alberici

2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Trap-and-release membrane introduction mass spectrometry (T&R-MIMS) with a removable direct insertion membrane probe (DIMP) is used to quantitate a variety of trace phenolic compounds in water after acetylation. The procedure is simple, rapid and robust, producing linear and reproducible responses for phenolic compounds with varying polarities. Acetylation minimizes the polarity effects of ring substituents; hence, T&R-MIMS of the acetylated phenols provides lower and more uniform limits of detection (LODs) (2-15 microg L(-1)) than those obtained by direct T&R-MIMS analysis of the non-derivatized phenols.

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Determination of phenolic compounds in water using membrane inlet mass spectrometry

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Analysis of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds in Air by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry

Analysis of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds in Air by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry

Determination of pentachlorophenol in wastewater irrigated soils and incubated earthworms

Quantitation of trace phenolic compounds in water by trap‐and‐release membrane introduction mass spectrometry after acetylation

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