Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in biological samples by negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Hass, J. Ronald; Friesen, Marlin D.; Harvan, Donald J.; Parker, Carol E.

doi:10.1021/ac50033a023

Cited by 88 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As discussed earlier, we have found that this ion can be eliminated by keeping the ion source oxygen-free, although this may not be possible on certain instruments. On the other hand, because residual oxygen is difficult to control, a number of researchers have used this reaction to their advantage for the analysis of chlorinated aromatic compounds by adding a known and reproducible percentage of oxygen into the ion source (52)(53)(54)(55). However, care must be taken not to introduce too much oxygen into the ion source such that the lifetime of the filament is shortened.…”

Section: A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technique is called methane oxygen-enhanced negative chemical ionization. Hass et al compared the quantitation of PCDDs by methane-only and methane oxygen-enhanced negative ionization and ENVIRONMENTAL MASS SPECTROMETRY found that methane-only negative ionization gave slightly better sensitivity, although methane oxygenenhanced negative ionization provided better qualitative information (54).…”

Section: A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if an appropriate sample preparation procedure is used to reduce the interferences, low-resolution EC-MS can be used to measure PCDDs and PCDFs in "difficult" environmental matrices. Our laboratory (46)(47)(48)(49) and others (54,55) have successfully used EC-MS to determine low quantities of PCDDs and PCDFs (tetrathrough octa-) in lake sediments, air, rain, and biota. These reports contain details about the various sample preparation procedures that are used for isolating PCDDs and PCDFs from the interferences present in different matrices; however, discussion of these procedures is beyond the scope of this review.…”

Section: A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron capture mass spectrometry of organic environmental contaminants

Ong

Hites

1994

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Section: A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofuransmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electron capture mass spectrometry of organic environmental contaminants

Ong

Hites

1994

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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“…Experiments have also shown that chlorophenol preparations themselves may form phenoxyphenols photochemically (12) panded to include the 2-phenoxyphenols. The investigation of these compounds was a logical extension of our negative ion mass spectrometric studies of dioxins (13). Since the first presentation of this data, additional sample compounds have been received and sophisticated MIKES computer software has been developed, so this report should be considered preliminary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative ion mass spectra of some polychlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols.

Busch¹,

Norström²,

Nilsson³

et al. 1980

Environ Health Perspect

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Polychlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols were studied by negative ion mass spectrometry. Common to almost all of the methane enhanced negative ion mass spectra were (M-1)-, (M-36)--, (M-37) , (M-72)--, and chorinated quinoxide ions. The (M-36)--ion does not apparently form in a mechanism analogous to the thermal or photochemical ring closure of these compounds to form the chlorinated dioxins. The chlorinated quinoxide ion reflects the number of chlorines on the ring with hydroxy substituent. Collision-induced dissociation mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectra (CID-MIKES) from different isomers were qualitatively different in both the normal and charge reversed mode of operation. Comparison of these spectra with those from other classes of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons such as the dioxins or the furans may reveal a common negative ion gas phase chemistry.

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“…The spectrum inFigure 7is that obtained from fish below the Dow Dam where the fish would have access to water from the waste chemical outfalls from Dow Chemical, Inc. The oxygen exchange reaction ion series that are characteristic of the polychlorodibenzodioxins(12,13) appear in the spectra. The spectra illustrated inFigures 6 and 7are the only spectra that we have obtained on extracts of animals tissues from natural environments that have given evidence for the presence of part-per-billion or higher concentrations of polychlorodibenzodioxins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Chemical Ionization Studies of Human and Food Chain Contamination with Xenobiotic Chemicals

Dougherty¹,

Whitaker²,

Smith³

et al. 1980

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry with a mixture of isobutane, methylene chloride, and oxygen as the reagent gas has been used to explore contamination of environmental substrates with xenobiotic chemicals. The substrates in question, fish tissue, human seminal plasma, and human adipose tissue, were cleaned up by one of the following three cleanup procedures: (1) continuous liquid-liquid extraction steam distillation; (2) gel-permeation chromatography; and (3) adsorption on activated carbon followed by elution with toluene. The third procedure was used only for the examination of planar polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples. Using these techniques, we have found evidence for contamination of fish samples with polychloronaphthalenes, polychlorostyrenes, polychlorobiphenyls, polychlorodibenzofurans, and polychlorodibenzodioxins among other chemicals. The polychlorodibenzodioxins appeared only in the spectra of extracts of fish obtained from the Tittabawassee River at Midland Michigan. The polychlorodibenzofuran ions appeared in NCI mass spectra of fish that were significantly contaminated (above 2 ppm) with polychlorobiphenyls. Toxic substances occurring in human seminal plasma included pentachlorophenol, hexachlorobenzene, DDT metabolites, and polychlorobiphenyls. We have investigated toxic substances in human seminal plasma because of the apparent decrease in sperm density in U.S. males over the last 30 years. Results of screening human adipose tissue for contamination with xenobiotic chemicals have been largely coincident with result of the EPA human monitoring program. Polychlorobiphenyls, DDT metabolites, nonachlor, and chlordane have appeared in most samples examined. Detection limits for all of these chemicals were of the order of 1 ppb.

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Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in biological samples by negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Cited by 88 publications

References 22 publications

Electron capture mass spectrometry of organic environmental contaminants

Electron capture mass spectrometry of organic environmental contaminants

Negative ion mass spectra of some polychlorinated 2-phenoxyphenols.

Negative Chemical Ionization Studies of Human and Food Chain Contamination with Xenobiotic Chemicals

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