Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in kerosene and bio-kerosene soot

Andrade-Eiroa, Auréa; Leroy, Valérie; Dagaut, Philippe; Bedjanian, Yuri

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.005

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This suggests that the reduction does not apply to all the PAHs. For low biodiesel blends, Correa and Arbilla concluded that the results show great deviations (Andrade-Eiroa et al, 2000). In the Philippines, the blend consisting of 1% biodiesel and 99% petroleum diesel is currently in use in service stations.…”

Section: Comparison Of Filter Particulate Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Analysis of Petroleum Coco-Biodiesel Blend-Fueled PUV Exhaust for NO2 and Particulate PAH, Elemental Composition and Toxicity

Ramos

Hachero

Hallare³

et al. 2013

KIMIKA

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The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), elemental composition and toxicity of particulate matter from the exhaust of public utility vehicles (PUVs) fueled by commercial petroleum coco-biodiesel blend, were examined and compared with that from the exhaust of PUVs fueled by unblended petroleum diesel. FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) analysis of the commercial diesel/biodiesel blend and of a pure biodiesel sample was done to ascertain the presence of biodiesel in the commercial blend. NO2 from the exhaust vapor phase was likewise also compared for the two types of fuel. PAHs in particulate matter obtained by filter sampling and from tailpipe soot were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry). NO2 was analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, XRF (x-ray fluorescence spectrometry) was used for elemental analysis, and toxicological analysis was done using the Zebrafish Egg Assay Test. A general tentative conclusion from the results point to minimal difference between pure diesel and the 1% diesel/biodiesel blend (when used as fuel for PUVs) in terms of engine exhaust impact on air quality, except perhaps for PAH levels to some extent.

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Section: Comparison Of Filter Particulate Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Analysis of Petroleum Coco-Biodiesel Blend-Fueled PUV Exhaust for NO2 and Particulate PAH, Elemental Composition and Toxicity

Ramos

Hachero

Hallare³

et al. 2013

KIMIKA

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“…Most of the thermodynamics parameters have been obtained for gas-liquid interactions [14]. However, the magnitude of the parameters proposed cannot explain how the analytes (especially analytes with high medium polarizability) can remain inside RPLC column as long as 60 minutes (in the case of large PAHs under usual experimental conditions in RPLC) [1]. Some authors stated that RPLC is similar to classical liquid-solid chromatography for which interactions between solute and stationary phases are even weaker than in adsorption [2].…”

Section: Revision Of Traditional Approaches For Rplc Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relationship found among retention time (R t ), dipole moment (μ), and Pressure (P) is given by the mathematical power function (1).…”

Section: Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reversed-Phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPLC) has become one of the most powerful and often used techniques for the resolution of mixtures, identification, and quantification of organic compounds in all kind of samples with or without previous clean up steps [1]. However, the real mechanism of RPLC retention is yet not fully understood [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reverse-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mechanism Explained by Polarization of Stationary Phase

Andrade-Eiroa¹

2011

CheM

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Original results and conclusions on Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPLC) mechanism are here presented. So far, none of the theoretical approaches applied to the RPLC mechanism can explain the retention and elution mechanisms of most of the analytes by RPLC, especially neutral organic compounds. Our experiences allowed us to state that RPLC retention mechanism most likely occurs through polarization of stationary phase (usually dielectric surfaces) submerged into solvents with huge dielectric constant and high dipole moment (i.e. water and/or acetonitrile) at high pressures as those applied in RPLC systems. The surface polarized interacts with polarizable target analytes (i.e. naphthalene, pyrene or benzo(ghi)perylene) in such a way that the retention depends on the medium polarizability of the target compound. The higher is the medium polarizability of the compound retained the higher is its retention time.By using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydro-carbons (PAHs) and 6-nitrochrysene as probes, we found that although the dependence of retention times on pressure is not evident in most cases, the interaction between pressure and the mobile phase dipole moment is evidenced at the light of the constructed mathematical models. Two very different cases can be distinguished:1. On one hand, when low dipole moment mobile phases are used, high pressure means big work developed by the system in such a way that high pressures inside the system reduce retention times compared to low pressures.2. On the another one, when high dipole moment solvents are used as mobile phase, high pressure entails an outstanding increase of the retention times compared to low dipole moment mobile phases. This is most likely due to high pressures that entail closer alignment of mobile phase dipoles and lesser tilt of them, originating an outstanding electric field inside the analytical column.In addition to this, reduced retention times for dipole solutes (6-nitrochrysene, dipole molecule) compared to non-polar solutes (PAHs) were observed when pressure drops. This conclusions would allow to extend the model to basic/acid molecules at different pH. In this case, electrostatic repulsions among analyte molecules should be considered.

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“…One of the main handicaps in this kind of research, is that although liquid chromatography (LC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) have become the most powerful and commonly used techniques for the identification, quantification and fractioning of organic compounds in all kinds of samples, 12 the real retention mechanism of chromatographic and SPE columns is yet unknown. [13][14][15] Anyway, some helpful conclusions have been stated in literature.…”

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confidence: 99%

Advances in PAHs/nitro-PAHs fractioning

2010

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The aim of this work was to develop an efficient methodology for the reliable fractioning of nitratedpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Unlike what usually occurs under pressures developed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) systems (above 11 bar) we observed that when normal phase chromatographic fractioning procedures are accomplished under very low pressures (about 1 bar), dipole molecules (nitro-PAHs) elute much faster than non-polar organic molecules (PAHs). This finding allowed developing an original and very efficient methodology for fractioning nitro-PAHs and PAHs. This method is based on normal-phase liquid chromatography through a home-made phenyl column by using hexane as mobile phase at very low speed flow (0.05 ml min À1). Unlike typical HPLC methodology, the fractioning of nitro-PAHs and PAHs was accomplished as a function of their polarity (first the polar compounds as a unique peak and further, the non-polar compounds, PAHs) rather than as a function of their medium polarizability.

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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in kerosene and bio-kerosene soot

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Sampling and Analysis of Petroleum Coco-Biodiesel Blend-Fueled PUV Exhaust for NO2 and Particulate PAH, Elemental Composition and Toxicity

Sampling and Analysis of Petroleum Coco-Biodiesel Blend-Fueled PUV Exhaust for NO2 and Particulate PAH, Elemental Composition and Toxicity

Reverse-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mechanism Explained by Polarization of Stationary Phase

Advances in PAHs/nitro-PAHs fractioning

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