Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Camellia Oil by Gel Permeation and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A rapid method for the quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in camellia oil is reported. The analytes were extracted from camellia oil using 1:1 (v/v) cyclohexane/ethyl acetate, isolated by gel permeation chromatography, and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The method features good sensitivity, as the limits of quantification were from 0.33 to 0.67 microgram per kilogram, which are lower than those of regulatory maximum residue limits. Intra-and inter-day precision ranged from 1.19 to 4.52 percent and 1.86 to 3.56 percent, respectively. The recoveries were 79.3-87.9, 85.3-93.4, and 89.6-97.3 percent at fortified levels of 10, 25, and 50 microgram per kilogram, respectively. Moreover, the method is rapid, requiring less than three hours, in comparison to traditional approaches, which require more than twentyfour hours. The developed method was also inexpensive in terms of solvent use and employed to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in five camellia oil products. High concentrations of acenaphthene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo [k]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene were present in samples produced through extrusion and high temperature pressing. The results suggest that camellia oil processing should be monitored to minimize the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalic Acid Esters in Gums and Soapstocks Obtained from Soybean Oil Refinery

“…It should be noted that the contents of PAH in the test by‐products, especially in the soapstocks, were much higher than the counterparts in the soybean oils from Table and numerous published works (Shi et al, 2016a; Teixeira et al, ; Tfouni et al, ; Zhu et al, ). High contents of PAH in the gums and soapstocks lowered the value and safety when using them as feed ingredients and raw materials to produce value‐added products; thus, the presence of these harmful residues in soybean oil gums and soapstocks should be further investigated and strongly supervised in the future.…”

Solid-gas adsorption kinetics of the naphthalene on silica and XAD-2

“…The presence of those compounds has already been detected in the atmosphere and residential dust, water, sediments, foods and drinks, soils, petroleum, medicinal plants, breast milk and maternal and cord blood plasma (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Efforts have been made to understand the transport and transformation of PAH in different media since its generation by anthropogenic activity influences not only the local region but also can spread to remote regions such as Antarctica and the Amazon Forest (31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

A highly automated method for simultaneous determination of sterols, erythrodiol and uvaol in olive oils

“…Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) allows the separation of compounds with different molecular sizes and has been extensively used for cleanup, isolation and fractionation of compounds in analytical chemistry. In the published work, GPC has been used to remove the triglyceride matrix from vegetable oils for the isolation of residues including phthalate esters, 32 zearalenone, 33 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 34 bisphenol A, 35 etc. GPC provides a promising alternative for the isolation of sterols, erythrodiol and uvaol from olive oils, since these compounds have similar chemical structures and their molecular weights (M w < 450) were quite different from those of triglycerides (M w > 850).…”