Determination of polyfluoroalkyl substances in biological matrices by chromatography techniques: A review focused on the sample preparation techniques - Review

Perovani, Icaro Salgado; Barbetta, Maike Felipe Santos; Duarte, Leandro Oka; Oliveira, Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de

doi:10.1016/j.jcoa.2023.100082

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…DLLME, which is the miniaturised version of liquid-liquid extraction in that the amount of organic solvent used is dramatically reduced and shows a very high enrichment factor compared to other liquid- or even solid-phase extraction methods, is an easy and quick method for the extraction and purification of organic compounds present at trace levels in aqueous samples [ 127 ]. The primary benefit of DLLME is that it has a greater contact area than LLE, which enhances, speeds up, and optimises the extraction [ 128 ].…”

Section: Pre-treatment Methods For Pfas Analysis In Edible Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LSE is the separation of components in a solid mixture using a solvent by partition of analytes between the two involved phases, the matrix and the extractant, which is essentially a mass transfer process in which the solute is transferred from the solid phase to the liquid phase only [ 128 ]. LSE is usually used for extracting solid or semi-solid samples such as butter and margarine.…”

Section: Pre-treatment Methods For Pfas Analysis In Edible Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Progress of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Edible Oil—A Review

Han

Cao

2023

Foods

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Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been widely used in different types of consumer and industrial applications such as surfactants, household cleaning products, textiles, carpets, cosmetics, firefighting foams, and food packaging because of their good stability and special physicochemical properties of hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, high temperature resistance, etc. Meanwhile, PFASs are considered an emerging organic pollutant due to their persistence and potential toxicity to human health. PFASs occur in edible oil, an important component of the global diet, mainly in three ways: raw material contamination, process contamination, and migration from oil contact materials. Thus, the occurrence of PFAS in edible oils has drawn more and more attention in recent years. In this work, the pertinent literature of the last two decades from the Web of Science database was researched. This review systematically addressed the potential sources, the contamination levels, and the progress of the determination of PFASs in edible oil. It aims to provide a relatively whole profile of PFASs in edible oil, render assistance to minimise human exposure to PFASs, and standardise the detection methods of perfluoroalkyl substances in edible oil.

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Section: Pre-treatment Methods For Pfas Analysis In Edible Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pre-treatment Methods For Pfas Analysis In Edible Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Edible Oil—A Review

Han

Cao

2023

Foods

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“…Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) solves this problem by using much smaller amounts of organic solvent [ 20 , 21 ]. However, DLLME is mainly useful for the purification of aqueous solutions from various trace contaminants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the more environmentally friendly versions of DLLME is its use in deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction [ 22 ]. Another extraction method is liquid–solid extraction (LSE) [ 21 ] or solid phase extraction (SPE) [ 23 ]. This process of separating the analyte from the sample matrix and interfering compounds involves analyte–adsorbent interactions of various types, such as ion exchange, physical adsorption, hydrophobic effect, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Removal of Chlorophyll and Isolation of Lutein from Plant Extracts Using Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Flieger,

Żuk,

Pasieczna-Patkowska

et al. 2024

IJMS

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in plant pigments as readily available nutraceuticals. Photosynthetic pigments, specifically chlorophylls and carotenoids, renowned for their non-toxic antioxidant properties, are increasingly finding applications beyond their health-promoting attributes. Consequently, there is an ongoing need for cost-effective methods of isolation. This study employs a co-precipitation method to synthesize magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) confirms that an aqueous environment and oxidizing conditions yield nanosized iron oxide with particle sizes ranging from 80 to 140 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra indicate the presence of hydrous iron oxide FeO(OH) on the surface of the nanosized iron oxide. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of obtained nanomaterial was 151.4 m2 g−1, with total pore volumes of pores 0.25 cm3 g−1 STP. The material, designated as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), serves as an adsorbent for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) and isolation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, lutein) from extracts of higher green plants (Mentha piperita L., Urtica dioica L.). Sorption of chlorophyll a onto the nanoparticles is confirmed using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FT-IR/PAS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Selective sorption of chlorophyll a requires a minimum of 3 g of IONPs per 12 mg of chlorophyll a, with acetone as the solvent, and is dependent on a storage time of 48 h. Extended contact time of IONPs with the acetone extract, i.e., 72 h, ensures the elimination of remaining components except lutein, with a spectral purity of 98%, recovered with over 90% efficiency. The mechanism of chlorophyll removal using IONPs relies on the interaction of the pigment’s carbonyl (C=O) groups with the adsorbent surface hydroxyl (–OH) groups. Based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, it has been proven that the selective adsorption of pigments is also influenced by more favorable dispersion interactions between acetone and chlorophyll in comparison with other solutes. An aqueous environment significantly promotes the removal of pigments; however, it results in a complete loss of selectivity.

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A Comprehensive Review of the Occurrence, Distribution, Characteristics and Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the African Continent

Umejuru,

Street,

Edokpayi

2024

Chemistry Africa

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent synthetic organic compounds extensively utilized in a variety of domestic and industrial products due to their distinctive characteristics. Designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention, PFAS are recognized for their long-lasting presence, widespread prevalence, and adverse impacts on both the environment and human health. Recently, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) revised the guideline limits for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in drinking water, setting them at 0.02 and 0.004 ng/L, respectively. Despite the global emphasis on the necessity for monitoring and treating PFAS in environmental media, there is a scarcity of information on PFAS studies in Africa. This gap may be attributed to a lack of modern laboratory facilities, weak governance, and the enforcement of environmental regulations. This study comprehensively reviews PFAS, focusing on key areas such as global guidelines and regulations, sources and distribution in the environmental matrix in Africa, characteristics, environmental fate, reported methods for sampling and analysis in Africa, and the role of government in the National Implementation Plan (NIP) on the continent. Additionally, the study offers recommendations and identifies knowledge gaps. In Africa, PFAS have been detected in various environmental compartments, including drinking water ranging from 0.03 to 200 ng/L, surface water ranging from 0.0254 to 788 ng/L, sediment ranging from 0.50 to 248.14 ng/g, wastewater ranging from 0.9 to 507 ± 257.6 ng/L, seafood ranging from 0.12 to 179.2 ng/g, sludge ranging from 0.01 to 0.098 ng/g, plants ranging from 0.160 to 29.33 ng/g, and indoor dust ranging from 1.3 to 69 ng/g. Notably, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are prevalent in samples from various environmental matrices across Africa. Reported sources of PFAS in African countries include municipal waste, hospital waste from medical equipment, discharge from industries, and wastewater treatment plants. Urgent attention is required from decision-makers and researchers in Africa to address PFAS monitoring, regulation, and treatment within the continent. Graphical abstract

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Determination of polyfluoroalkyl substances in biological matrices by chromatography techniques: A review focused on the sample preparation techniques - Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 87 publications

Research Progress of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Edible Oil—A Review

Research Progress of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Edible Oil—A Review

Selective Removal of Chlorophyll and Isolation of Lutein from Plant Extracts Using Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

A Comprehensive Review of the Occurrence, Distribution, Characteristics and Fate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the African Continent

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