Determination of polymethylenepolyphenylene isocyanate in air by size exclusion chromatography

Beasley, Ronald K.; Warner, J. Michael.

doi:10.1021/ac00273a015

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The amines formed may be separated by either liquid [66] or gas chromatography [67]. As this method does not enable differentiation between isocyanates and amines, both of which may be present in air samples, most modern analytical methods for determination of mono and diisocyanates involve derivatization with nucleophilic compounds, for example alcohols or amines, then chromatographic separation and, usually, photometric [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75], fluorimetric [76][77][78], electrochemical [75,79,80] or, more recently, mass spectrometric detection [36,37,[81][82][83]. During the past 25 years, use of amine-based reagents has been proven to give the best results in the analysis of isocyanates [84,85].…”

Section: Derivatization Of Isocyanates Followed By Chromatographic Se...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was subsequently used in combination with reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation [69]. Several methods employing the nitro reagent were developed over a period of approximately 20 years [70][71][72][73][74]87]. Some [87,88] served as NIOSH standard methods for a while, but have since been replaced by improved procedures [48].…”

Section: N-4-nitrobenzyl-n-n-propylamine (Nitro Reagent)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of airborne isocyanates

2006

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Isocyanates are important in industrial hygiene and workplace monitoring. Owing to their severe acute toxicity and sensitizing properties, analytical methods with high sampling efficiency and sensitivity in the low ppb to ppt range are required. The reactivity of isocyanates necessitates initial derivatization with nucleophilic agents--usually amines--for stabilization and enrichment; this is often followed by chromatographic separation with spectroscopic, electrochemical, or mass spectrometric detection. Sampling strategies for airborne isocyanates comprise active, i.e. pumped, or passive, i.e. diffusive, methods; the method selected depends on the application. Whereas active methods rely mainly on impingers, reagent-coated filters, or sampling tubes, passive samplers make use of reagent-coated filters, the surface of which is connected to the air sample by diffusion channels. Because airborne isocyanates are prone to occur in different forms, i.e. as vapors, as aerosols, or adsorbed on particulate matter, denuder sampling has been introduced, thus enabling simultaneous collection of gaseous and aerosol isocyanates. The first part of this review summarizes chemical methods and reagents which have been introduced for derivatization of airborne isocyanates. The advantages and drawbacks of the individual derivatization procedures and their combination with different detection principles are evaluated. In the second part, the most recent developments in air sampling for isocyanates, with special focus on diffusive sampling, are reviewed and critically discussed.

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