Determination of pressure and density of shocklessly compressed beryllium from x-ray radiography of a magnetically driven cylindrical liner implosion

Lemke, R.W.; Martin, Matthew; McBride, R. D.; Davis, Jean‐Paul; Knudson, Marcus D.; Sinars, Daniel Brian; Smith, I. C.; Savage, M. E.; Stygar, W. A.; Killebrew, K. L.; Flicker, Dawn G.; Herrmann, Mark

doi:10.1063/1.3686320

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A detailed, self-consistent method was developed for using the radiography data to infer the pressure and density in the material [9,10], and peak pressures up to 5.5 Mbar were inferred from the data. This pressure is several times what could be achieved in the standard planar geometry [8]. Significantly more detail on this work can be found in these publications [8,9,10].…”

Section: The Use Of Pulse-shaped Liners For Dynamic Materials Experimmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This pressure is several times what could be achieved in the standard planar geometry [8]. Significantly more detail on this work can be found in these publications [8,9,10]. This LDRD project contributed to the development of the targets, radiography diagnostics, and hardware platform used in these experiments, however, most of the work specific to these experiments was funded by the Dynamic Materials Program at Sandia.…”

Section: The Use Of Pulse-shaped Liners For Dynamic Materials Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the main thrust of this LDRD proposal was to study the key physics issue of liner stability. These experiments were extremely successful and resulted in several high-profile publications [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The results of these studies are summarized in Section 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of fusion target concepts on Z.

Sinars¹,

McBride²,

Rovang³

et al. 2012

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The key scientific issue for magnetically driven fusion concepts is the stability of the cylindrical liner surrounding the fuel. The liner is susceptible to the magnetoRayleigh-Taylor instability, which can disrupt the liner implosion and prevent it from successfully compressing and confining the fuel. We summarize an LDRD project to investigate the stability of aluminum and beryllium liner implosions on the Sandia Z pulsed power facility. Much of the work was conducted in the specific context of a new magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) concept, and continued modeling of that concept was supported by this project. However, the liner stability data is fundamental to magnetically driven systems, and the idea of magnetizing and preheating fuel applies to any inertial confinement fusion platform. We also demonstrated prototype 10 T axial magnetic field coils, which are needed both to test the MagLIF concept and the idea of stabilizing liner implosions using magnetic fields. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank the many Z and Z-Beamlet operations and production teams for their excellent support of the liner stability experiments on Z that were undertaken as part of this project.We thank General Atomics for their support in developing and fabricating the liner targets fielded on the Z facility. Much of the work described here would not have been possible without the development of a beryllium machining capability in La Jolla, CA.We thank Ron Kaye (Manager, Org. 5445) for supporting the development of the Systems Integration and Test Facility in his laboratory space and for the use of Derek Lamppa and Marc Jobe to support the development of magnetic field coils.We thank Jim Puissant (Org. 1647) for supporting the magnetic field coil design and testing activities.We thank TJ Rogers (formerly Org. 1678) for designing the raised power-feed hardware for Z that is compatible with the magnetic field coils, and was tested during the "Washington" shots.We thank Dawn Flicker (Manager, Org. 1646) for supporting the collaboration between the ICF and Dynamic Materials program that enabled the "Union" experiments on Z. These experiments, while explicitly aimed at studying the equation of state of beryllium using cylindrical liners, are also relevant to ICF implosions and the techniques may ultimately benefit MagLIF.We thank the code support teams at LLNL for both LASNEX and HYDRA for helping us to advance the simulations conducted as part of this project. We also thank the support staff at numerous computing platforms at both SNL and LLNL who helped shepherd the simulations through to completion.

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Section: The Use Of Pulse-shaped Liners For Dynamic Materials Experimmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: The Use Of Pulse-shaped Liners For Dynamic Materials Experimmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability of fusion target concepts on Z.

Sinars¹,

McBride²,

Rovang³

et al. 2012

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“…We can study RTI at an interface between an EP solid of density r 2 and a viscous liquid of density r r < 1 2 using the results of the section 2.1.2 and 2.2.1. This is the case of some experiments in which a metallic plate is pushed and accelerated by a melted metal [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Section: F S S Y Yy Yymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rayleigh–Taylor instability in accelerated solid media

2016

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A linear study of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability based on momentum conservation and the consideration of an irrotational velocity field for incompressible perturbations is discussed. The theory allows for a very appealing physical picture and for a relatively simple description of the main features of the instability. As a result, it is suitable for the study of the very complex problem of the instability of accelerated solids with non-linear elastic–plastic constitutive properties, which cannot be studied by the usual normal modes approach. The elastic to plastic transition occurring early in the instability process determines the entire evolution and makes the instability exhibit behavior that cannot be captured by an asymptotic analysis.

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“…The properties of D 2 (Ref. 671), Be, 672 carbon, 673 and quartz 674 (used as a standard in EOS experiments) have been studied with both shock-and rampcompression experiments.…”

Section: Equation Of Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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Determination of pressure and density of shocklessly compressed beryllium from x-ray radiography of a magnetically driven cylindrical liner implosion

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Stability of fusion target concepts on Z.

Stability of fusion target concepts on Z.

Rayleigh–Taylor instability in accelerated solid media

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

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