Determination of proteins in blood. Part 1: Determination of total protein and albumin

Buzanovskii, V. A.

doi:10.1134/s2079978017010010

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…This is in line with the average total protein concentrations in blood that were reported by Buzanovskii, i.e. 65 -85 mg/mL [9]. Donor 3 shows slightly higher concentrations, which could be attributed to a possible hemolysis process.…”

Section: Uv/vis Spectrophotometrysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Average albumin blood concentrations are estimated at 35 -52 mg/mL [8]. Average total protein concentrations, that primarily consist of albumin and globulins, are estimated at 65 -85 mg/mL in adults [9]. Moreover, if red blood cells in whole blood samples are ruptured, the elevated concentration of free hemoglobin can form additional challenges, as these concentrations can reach up to 160 mg/mL [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the suitability of ionic liquid-based liquid-liquid microextractions for blood protein removal

Boeck

Moreels

Dehaen

et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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The analysis of biological samples, such as whole blood, comes with several sample preparation challenges. Biological matrices often contain a variety of endogenous components that can interfere with the determination of xenobiotics. Especially blood plasma proteins (e.g. serum albumin) are known to interfere with electrospray ionization and result in analyte ion suppression. Sample preparation techniques should guarantee adequate removal of these biomolecules. The current study aims to determine to which extent proteins are removed from whole blood samples, using ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (IL-DLLME). A qualitative comparison of the protein presence in extracts of IL-DLLME, solidphase extraction (SPE) and protein precipitation (PP) was performed, using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Additionally, UV/VIS spectrophotometry was used to determine the protein content of a whole blood sample and IL-DLLME, SPE and PP extracts of the same sample. Finally, a quantitative comparison of matrix effects of benzodiazepines present in both whole blood and water samples. SDS-PAGE results showed that IL-DLLME extracts still contained proteins (i.e. albumin, hemoglobin); however, band intensities were comparable to SPE extracts. Spectrophotometric tests showed a total protein content of approximately 2 mg/mL in the final extracts. PP showed the highest protein extraction rate (19 mg/mL). Quantitative ME results showed no significant differences (α = 0.05) between blood and water IL-DLLME extracts. Overall, this is the first study to conclude that IL-DLLME is able to sufficiently remove blood proteins from whole blood samples, in order to avoid significant ion suppression.

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Section: Uv/vis Spectrophotometrysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the suitability of ionic liquid-based liquid-liquid microextractions for blood protein removal

Boeck

Moreels

Dehaen

et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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“…is confirmed the report by [99] that the serum protein increases with highly active antiretroviral therapy which also enhances the CD4 + cell count [16]. Albumin which is also a type of protein [100] helps with tissue nourishment [81]. Both total protein and albumin results were consistent in positively influencing the CD4 + count to above average at almost all their measurements during the acute phase.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Trends and Adaptive Optimal Set Points of CD4⁺ Count Clinical Covariates at Each Phase of the HIV Disease Progression

Tinarwo

Zewotir

North

2020

AIDS Research and Treatment

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In response to invasion by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the self-regulatory immune system attempts to restore the CD4+ count fluctuations. Consequently, many clinical covariates are bound to adapt too, but little is known about their corresponding new optimal set points. It has been reported that there exist few strongest clinical covariates of the CD4+ count. The objective of this study is to harness them for a streamlined application of multidimensional viewing lens (statistical models) to zoom into the behavioural patterns of the adaptive optimal set points. We further postulated that the optimal set points of some of the strongest covariates are possibly controlled by dietary conditions or otherwise to enhance the CD4+ count. This study investigated post-HIV infection (acute to therapy phases) records of 237 patients involving repeated measurements of 17 CD4+ count clinical covariates that were found to be the strongest. The overall trends showed either downwards, upwards, or irregular behaviour. Phase-specific trends were mostly different and unimaginable, with LDH and red blood cells producing the most complex CD4+ count behaviour. The approximate optimal set points for dietary-related covariates were total protein 60–100 g/L (acute phase), <85 g/L (early phase), <75 g/L (established phase), and >85 g/L (ART phase), whilst albumin approx. 30–50 g/L (acute), >45 g/L (early and established), and <37 g/L (ART). Sodium was desirable at approx. <45 mEq/L (acute and early), <132 mEq/L (established), and >134 mEq/L (ART). Overall, desirable approximates were albumin >42 g/L, total protein <75 g/L, and sodium <137 mEq/L. We conclude that the optimal set points of the strongest CD4+ count clinical covariates tended to drift and adapt to either new ranges or overlapped with the known reference ranges to positively influence the CD4+ cell counts. Recommendation for phase-specific CD4+ cell count influence in adaptation to HIV invasion includes monitoring of the strongest covariates related to dietary conditions (sodium, albumin, and total protein), tissue oxygenation (red blood cells and its haematocrit), and hormonal control (LDH and ALP).

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“…At the end of the total experimental period (45 days), blood samples were collected for serum separation to determine the following parameters: Serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST) according to Suzuki (1976) and ALP according to Belfield and Goldberg (1971), total cholesterol according to Allen (1974), triglycerides according to Fossati and Prencipe (1982), lipoprotein fractions (HDLc and LDLc) according to Herrmann et al (1983), VLDL was calculated as triglycerides/5 and atherogenic index (AI) was calculated according to Kikuchi et al (1998) as a sum of LDL plus VLDL divided by HDL.Total bilirubin was determined due to the method of Doumas& Wu (1991), direct and indirect bilirubin was measured according to Sepulveda and Osterberg (1943). Serum total protein (TP) determined according to the test of Buzanovskii (2017), albumin was carried out as the method of Doumas et al, (1971) and globulin was calculated as Charry and Sharma (2004). Serum glucose was determined according to Kaplan (1984).…”

Section: Biochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of Gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre) and Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

Bakr¹,

Alyamani

2020

Egypt. J. Food Sci.

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T HIS investigation aimed to study the effect of gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre) and sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Thirty male albino rats weighing 150±5g were divided into 6 equal groups (n=5 rats), one group kept as control negative, while the other 5 groups injected s/c by CCl4 in olive oil 50% V/V (2mL / kg b.wt.) twice a week for two weeks for liver intoxication incidence, one of them left as (C +ve) while the rest four groups orally administered using two doses 5 & 10% of gymnema and sea grape each. At the end of experimental period (45 days), blood samples were collected for serum separation to determine serum liver enzymes, total cholesterol, triglycerides, atherosclerosis index, lipoprotein fractions and kidney functions. The obtained results demonstrated that gymnema and sea grape at two doses 5 &10%, especially at high dose for each herb caused significant improvement in liver enzymes, lipid profile, serum glucose and kidney functions in hepatotoxic rats. According to the results, gymnema and sea grape could improve the levels of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, glucose and kidney functions in CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

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Determination of proteins in blood. Part 1: Determination of total protein and albumin

Cited by 32 publications

References 125 publications

Evaluation of the suitability of ionic liquid-based liquid-liquid microextractions for blood protein removal

Evaluation of the suitability of ionic liquid-based liquid-liquid microextractions for blood protein removal

Trends and Adaptive Optimal Set Points of CD4⁺ Count Clinical Covariates at Each Phase of the HIV Disease Progression

Therapeutic Effects of Gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre) and Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

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Determination of proteins in blood. Part 1: Determination of total protein and albumin

Cited by 32 publications

References 125 publications

Evaluation of the suitability of ionic liquid-based liquid-liquid microextractions for blood protein removal

Evaluation of the suitability of ionic liquid-based liquid-liquid microextractions for blood protein removal

Trends and Adaptive Optimal Set Points of CD4+ Count Clinical Covariates at Each Phase of the HIV Disease Progression

Therapeutic Effects of Gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre) and Sea Grape (Coccoloba uvifera L.) on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

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Product

Resources

About

Trends and Adaptive Optimal Set Points of CD4⁺ Count Clinical Covariates at Each Phase of the HIV Disease Progression