Determination of Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and D-Dimer Levels among Malaria Infected Patients in Sinnar State, Sudan

Abstract

Malaria is one of the major causes of disease for people living in tropical and subtropical areas. Blood coagulation activation is frequently found in patients with malaria. The aim of the current study is to assess prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and D-dimer in patient suffering from malaria. This study includes 50 patients who have malaria parasite and 50 persons as control. Sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay uses ABEI to label an anti-D-dimer monoclonal antibody and uses another D-dimer monoclonal antibody to coat magnetic microbeads. Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) were measured for all case and control and SPSS software was used to evaluate the correlation. Results of D-dimer in all patient in mean were 1.92 ± 1.09 ng/ml; the D-dimer level was significantly higher among patients (p value = 0.00) compared to control (0.41 ± 0.10 ng/ml). PT in patient in mean was 16.34 ± 2.67 seconds and the mean of PT result in control was 14.29 ± 0.92 seconds; the mean of INR results in patients was 1.22 and the mean of INR results in control was 1.19. The results of PTT in patients in mean were (30.40 ± 4.73 second) and the mean of PTT results in control were (27.82 ± 1.49 seconds). Also, our result shows no statistically significant in PT, APTT and D-dimer between male and female. In conclusion, our study revealed higher D-dimer levels, PT and APTT among patient with Malaria, while the gender showed no effect on the level of D-dimer levels, PT and APTT.

Correlation of Presence and Severity of Thrombocytopenia with Types and Severity of Malaria

“…Echoing to the findings reported in literature,[ 1 16 17 ] fever with chills was the most common symptom followed by atypical symptoms headache and vomiting. Common clinical signs in decreasing order are splenomegaly (86%), pallor (46.6%), Icterus (13.3%), hepatomegaly (10%), altered sensorium (8%), and petechiae (6%).…”

“…The Malaria disease is a parasitic infection caused by Plasmodium species, especially falciparum, vivax, malariae, and ovale. [ 1 ]…”

Alteration of Coagulation Profile in Malaria Patients and its Correlation with The Degree of Parasitemia

“…A study conducted by Muhammad and coworkers found increased levels of D dimers, PT, and APTT. 18 Riedl et al, also revealed a statistically significant derangement in Plasma thrombin levels in patients with parasitic infection. 19 It was suggested that patients suffering from cerebral malaria may end up in DIC or cerebral hemorrhages.…”

Correlation between low platelets and malaria disease – Mini review

“…Despite intensive control efforts during the twentieth century, approximately 40% of the world's population remains at risk of infection. Malaria disease is parasitic infection caused by plasmodium species specially falciparum & vivax, malariae, and ovale [1]. Thrombocytopenia is common in the laboratory diagnosis of malaria and presence of thrombocytopenia is not a distinguishing feature between the two types of malaria.…”

“…Alterations of blood coagulation are thought to be involved in malaria pathogenesis. Also, in malaria patients without clinically evident bleeding or thrombotic complications, alterations of the blood coagulation system, such as decreased levels of plasma antithrombin or elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and thrombocytopenia are frequently found [1,5,6].…”