Determination of Pu and U isotopes in safeguard swipe sample with extraction chromatographic techniques

Lee, M.H.; Park, J.H.; Oh, Sanghee; Ahn, Hong Joo; Lee, C.H.; Song, Kiwon; Lee, M.S.

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.019

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Usually, off-line extraction chromatography based on UTEVA® and/or TEVA® (Eichrom Technologies LLC, IL, USA) resins is applied for obtaining interference-free U and/or Pu fractions for isotope ratio measurements. [66][67][68][69][70][71][72] Other resins that have been used for radiochemical separation prior to ICP-MS measurements include the AG® 1-X2 73 (Bio-Rad Laboratories Canada Ltd, Ontario, Canada) anion exchange resin for Pu isolation, the extraction chromatography resin DGA® 74 (Eichrom Technologies LLC, IL, USA) for Am and Cm isolation, the Sr 74 (Eichrom Technologies LLC, IL, USA) resin for 90 Sr and the anion exchange AG® MP-M1 71,74 (Bio-Rad Laboratories Canada Ltd, Ontario, Canada) and extraction chromatographic TRU® 48,75 (Eichrom Technologies LLC, IL, USA) resins for isolating U and Pu fractions. A TRU® resin in combination with UTEVA®, TEVA® and Ln-resins for U, Pu and Am separation prior to the analyses of 241 Am/ 241 Pu and 240 Pu/ 236 U mother/daughter ratios for age determination purposes was for example applied by Nygren et al 76 Besides spectral interferences that result from actinide isobars, hydride ions, peak tailing, etc., heavy metal matrix elements (Pb, W, Hg, Ir, etc.…”

Section: Figures Of Merit Of Modern Icp-ms Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometric analysis for nuclear safeguards

Boulyga

Konegger-Kappel

Stephan³

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

114

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Mass spectrometry is currently being implemented in a wide spectrum of research and industrial areas, such as materials science, cosmo-and geochemistry, biology and medicine, to name just a few. Research and development in nuclear safeguards is closely related to the general field of "Peace Research", representing a specific application area for analytical sciences in general and for mass spectrometry in particular. According to Albert Einstein "peace cannot be kept by force. It only can be achieved by understanding". Understanding implies a realistic estimation of potential challenges and threats, which is based on the ability to obtain timely, reliable and independent information. A particular task of international nuclear material safeguards is reducing threats that are posed by the proliferation of nuclear weapons. An important part of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards system is the "analytical laboratory", with mass spectrometric techniques, such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) belonging to the most powerful methods for the analysis of nuclear material and environmental samples collected during inspections. Each of the currently applied techniques provides definite merits (e.g. precision, accuracy, timeeffectiveness, high sensitivity, spatial resolution, reduced molecular interference, etc.) for a specific safeguards related application. Thus, taking advantage of each technique helps the analyst to gain a larger quantity of safeguards-relevant information. Along with the analysis of element amounts and isotopic compositions of uranium and plutonium in nuclear material the challenging applications of mass spectrometry include isotopic analysis of micro-samples, age determination of nuclear material as well as identification and quantification of elemental and isotopic signatures of inspection samples in general.Analysis of inspection samples implies strict quality control procedures and it demands the production of suitable certified isotopic reference materials which are used as calibration standards or as quality control samples. This manuscript discusses merits and limitations of presently available mass spectrometric

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Section: Figures Of Merit Of Modern Icp-ms Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometric analysis for nuclear safeguards

Boulyga

Konegger-Kappel

Stephan³

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Plutonium isotopes were separated from other radionuclides (e.g., 238 U and 241 Am) with UTEVA column (Cat. #: UT-C50-A, Eichrom, USA) (Lee et al, 2011;Morgenstern et al, 2002). The column eluent was then used in conducting α spectrometry for total 239,240 Pu activity analyses, and ICP-MS for…”

Section: Determination Of Iodine Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of natural organic matter on iodine and 239,240Pu distribution and mobility in environmental samples from the northwestern Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Zhang

Sugiyama

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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In order to assess how environmental factors are affecting the distribution and migration of radioiodine and plutonium that were emitted from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, we quantified iodine and (239,240)Pu concentration changes in soil samples with different land uses (urban, paddy, deciduous forest and coniferous forest), as well as iodine speciation in surface water and rainwater. Sampling locations were 53-63 km northwest of the FDNPP within a 75-km radius, in close proximity of each other. A ranking of the land uses by their surface soil (<4 cm) stable (127)I concentrations was coniferous forest > deciduous forest > urban > paddy, and (239,240)Pu concentrations ranked as deciduous forest > coniferous forest > paddy ≥ urban. Both were quite distinct from that of (134)Cs and (137)Cs: urban > coniferous forest > deciduous forest > paddy, indicating differences in their sources, deposition phases, and biogeochemical behavior in these soil systems. Although stable (127)I might not have fully equilibrated with Fukushima-derived (129)I, it likely still works as a proxy for the long-term fate of (129)I. Surficial soil (127)I content was well correlated to soil organic matter (SOM) content, regardless of land use type, suggesting that SOM might be an important factor affecting iodine biogeochemistry. Other soil chemical properties, such as Eh and pH, had strong correlations to soil (127)I content, but only within a given land use (e.g., within urban soils). Organic carbon (OC) concentrations and Eh were positively, and pH was negatively correlated to (127)I concentrations in surface water and rain samples. It is also noticeable that (127)I in the wet deposition was concentrated in both the deciduous and coniferous forest throughfall and stemfall water, respectively, comparing to the bulk rainwater. Further, both forest throughfall and stemflow water consisted exclusively of organo-iodine, suggesting all inorganic iodine in the original bulk deposition (∼ 28.6% of total iodine) have been completely converted to organo-iodine. Fukushima-derived (239,240)Pu was detectable at a distance ∼ 61 km away, NW of FDNPP. However, it is confined to the litter layer, even three years after the FDNPP accident-derived emissions. Plutonium-239,240 activities were significantly correlated with soil OC and nitrogen contents, indicating Pu may be associated with nitrogen-containing SOM, similar to what has been observed at other locations in the United States. Together, these finding suggest that natural organic matter (NOM) plays a key role in affecting the fate and transport of I and Pu and may warrant greater consideration for predicting long-term stewardship of contaminated areas and evaluating various remediation options in Japan.

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“…After loading the solution, the UTEVA-resin was rinsed with 8 M HNO 3 to elute alkaline earth metal elements [10]. The effluent was evaporated to dryness and dissolved in 10 mL of 3 M HNO 3 solution for the extraction chromatography with Sr-resin.…”

Section: Isolation Of Tru Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Cesium and Strontium in Environmental Samples Obtained in Fukushima Prefecture

Shibahara

Kubota

Fukutani

et al. 2016

Radiological Issues for Fukushima’s Revitalized Future

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For the assessment of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, the applicability of the thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), which is a type of mass spectrometry, was studied. For the study of the recovery/analysis method of cesium and strontium, at first, the radioactive cesium and strontium were generated by the irradiation of natural uranium at KUR. After this study, the applicability of this method to the environmental samples obtained in Fukushima prefecture was verified.

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Determination of Pu and U isotopes in safeguard swipe sample with extraction chromatographic techniques

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Mass spectrometric analysis for nuclear safeguards

Mass spectrometric analysis for nuclear safeguards

Role of natural organic matter on iodine and 239,240Pu distribution and mobility in environmental samples from the northwestern Fukushima Prefecture, Japan

Application of Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Cesium and Strontium in Environmental Samples Obtained in Fukushima Prefecture

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