Determination of radial profiles of wood properties using a near infrared scanning system

Giroud, Guillaume; Defo, Maurice; Bégin, Jean

doi:10.1177/0967033520967324

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…was included as a Type 2 species but reports (Harris 1969;Kennedy 1995;Koga and Zhang 2004;Zhang and Koubaa 2008;Cortini et al 2014;Giroud et al 2021) suggest that the increase in ring SG, following an initial decline, is small and can take many years; hence, the radial SG profile in outer wood can appear to be flat, as with a Type 3 species. For example, Giroud et al (2021) present radial data (values predicted using a model based on near infrared spectra calibrated using the SilviScan X-ray densitometer) that shows a decrease in ring SG for the first 30-35 years, followed by a slight increase over the following 90 years. Harris (1969) also reported a small increase in ring SG, but the trees in that study were only 19 years old.…”

Section: Type 1: Wood Sg Increases With Increasing Cambial Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Radial patterns of specific gravity variation in North American conifers

2022

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An extensive summary of publications reporting radial specific gravity (SG) variation for North American conifers is presented. SG varies from pith to bark in 3 patterns before reaching asymptomatic values: Type 1 (SG increases with cambial age), Type 2 (SG is initially high at the pith, then decreases with age before increasing) and Type 3 (SG decreases with cambial age). North American Pinaceae have either a Type 1 or 2 pattern (majority are Type 2). North American Cupressaceae have a Type 3 pattern, but radial SG data does not exist for some species. We reviewed publications in Table 7-1 of Panshin and de Zeeuw (1970) which reports SG variation by species and Type (the 1980 edition has an equivalent table but doesn’t reference publications), examining sampling strategies and radial patterns. For a small number Type was either incorrectly interpreted or sampling made a conclusion regarding pattern of radial variation impossible. Specific examples of mislabeled Types reported by Panshin and de Zeeuw for Douglas-fir, lodgepole, red and shortleaf pine, and western redcedar are described. We conclude within an individual species the pattern of radial SG variation is consistent, however different patterns have been reported for subspecies of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine.

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Section: Type 1: Wood Sg Increases With Increasing Cambial Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Radial patterns of specific gravity variation in North American conifers

2022

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Impact of Intensive Forest Management Practices on Wood Quality from Conifers: Literature Review and Reflection on Future Challenges

2023

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Purpose of Review Intensive forest management practices are being implemented worldwide to meet future global demand for wood and wood products while facilitating the protection of natural forest ecosystems. A potential decline in wood properties associated with rapid tree growth makes it essential to quantify the potential impact of intensive management on the process of wood formation and, in turn, on its suitability for various end-uses. Recent Findings Wood produced over short rotations is generally of lower quality because wood properties tend to improve with cambial age (i.e. the number of annual growth rings from the pith). The intensification of silvicultural practices can thus have measurable consequences for the forest products value chain. The use of new planting material from tree improvement programs could offset such effects, but questions arise as to the effects of a changing climate on wood produced from these plantations and the best silvicultural approaches to manage them. Summary Based on these recent findings, we provide reflections on the need for a modelling framework that uses the effects of cambial age, ring width and position along the stem to summarise the effects of tree growth scenarios on wood properties. We then present challenges related to our limited understanding of the effects of several drivers of wood properties, such as climate variation, genetic material, and forest disturbances, among others, and highlight the need for further data collection efforts to better anticipate the quality attributes of the future wood fibre resource. We conclude by providing examples of promising new tools and technologies that will help move wood quality research forward by allowing (1) fast, efficient characterisation of wood properties, and (2) up-scaling predictions at the landscape level to inform forest management decisions.

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New perspectives on radial profiles of specific gravity in North American conifers

Schimleck,

McCulloh,

Dahlen

et al. 2024

Can. J. For. Res.

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North American conifers exhibit three radial specific gravity (SG) patterns (Type 1, 2 and 3) which balance hydraulic and mechanical requirements. Type 1 and 2 patterns (Pinaceae) have low SG and high microfibril angle (MFA) corewood ensuring compliance, whereas in outerwood high SG / low MFA provide stiffness and strength resisting bending. Hydraulically, corewood, especially in Type 2 species, is resistant to embolism, whereas outerwood has higher specific conductivity. Cupressaceae (Type 3) have hydraulically very efficient, low SG outerwood, facilitating rapid growth. Corewood is flexible, whereas outerwood is mechanically weak and compensated for by more conical stems and durable heartwood (which prevents Brazier buckling). Radially earlywood (EW) decreases, and latewood (LW) increases for all Types, whereas percent latewood (%LW) increases (Type 1), decreases then increases (Type 2) and decreases (Type 3). Ring SG increases when increasing LW SG and %LW are sufficient to counteract decreasing EW SG. Shade tolerance, crown recession, hormone gradients and environmental variation affect patterns. Auxin concentration decreases with increasing distance from juvenile foliage slowing cell division, concomitantly gibberellin concentration (lignification) and carbohydrates (cell wall thickening) increase, producing higher %LW. Across a species range regions receiving relatively high summer rainfall have trees with higher %LW (by ring).

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Determination of radial profiles of wood properties using a near infrared scanning system

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Radial patterns of specific gravity variation in North American conifers

Radial patterns of specific gravity variation in North American conifers

Impact of Intensive Forest Management Practices on Wood Quality from Conifers: Literature Review and Reflection on Future Challenges

New perspectives on radial profiles of specific gravity in North American conifers

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