Determination of refractive indices of polystyrene latices by light scattering

Smart, C.; Willis, E.

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(67)90071-9

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Refractive indices have been reported for bulk samples (Matheson and Saunderson, 1952;Nikolov and Ivanov, 2000;Sultanova et al, 2003), particles in suspension (Bateman et al, 1959;Smart and Willis, 1967;Ma et al, 2003;French et al, 2007), and aerosol particles (Pettersson et al, 2004;Abo Riziq et al, 2007;Baynard et al, 2007;Lang-Yona et al, 2009;Chartier and Greenslade, 2012). These measurements are nicely summarized by Miles et al (2010), with the exception of the more recent Chartier and Greenslade (2012) result.…”

Section: Comparison Of Psl Refractive Index To Published Valuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

et al. 2013

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Aerosols influence the Earth's radiative budget by scattering and absorbing incoming solar radiation. The optical properties of aerosols vary as a function of wavelength, but few measurements have reported the wavelength dependence of aerosol extinction cross sections and complex refractive indices. We describe a new laboratory instrument to measure aerosol optical extinction as a function of wavelength, using cavity enhanced spectroscopy with a broadband light source. The instrument consists of two broadband channels which span the 360–390 and 385–420 nm spectral regions using two light emitting diodes (LED) and a grating spectrometer with charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. We determined aerosol extinction cross sections and directly observed Mie scattering resonances for aerosols that are purely scattering (polystyrene latex spheres and ammonium sulfate), slightly absorbing (Suwannee River fulvic acid), and strongly absorbing (nigrosin dye). We describe an approach for retrieving refractive indices as a function of wavelength from the measured extinction cross sections over the 360–420 nm wavelength region. The retrieved refractive indices for PSL and ammonium sulfate agree within uncertainty with the literature values for this spectral region. The refractive index determined for nigrosin is 1.78 (± 0.03) + 0.19 (± 0.08)i at 360 nm and 1.63 (± 0.03) + 0.21 (± 0.05)i at 420 nm. The refractive index determined for Suwannee River fulvic acid is 1.71 (± 0.02) + 0.07 (± 0.06)i at 360 nm and 1.66 (± 0.02) + 0.06 (± 0.04)i at 420 nm. These laboratory results support the potential for a field instrument capable of determining ambient aerosol optical extinction, average aerosol extinction cross section, and complex refractive index as a function of wavelength

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Section: Comparison Of Psl Refractive Index To Published Valuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

et al. 2013

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“…Smart and Willis [13] made refractive index measurements of different mixtures of glycerol and water and then used a suspension of polystyrene spheres in these liquids to determine the transmission of light through this medium. Then they extrapolated to 100% transmission in a liquid that would have the same refractive index of the polystyrene spheres.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size and Refractive Index Determination of Single Polystyrene Spheres

Marx¹,

Mulholland²

1983

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN.

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The intensity of the light scattered from individual dielectric spheres was measured as a function of the scattering angle, for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the scattering plane. These sets of data were used to determine the radius and refractive index of the spheres by fitting the data to the scattering function obtained from Mie theory. The light was produced by a He·Cd laser (A=441.6 om). Measurements were performed on particles of six discrete sizes with radii in the range 117-1175 om. Several different measures of the quality of fit were examined, and the least-squares fit, unweighted or weighted with a factor sin 2 (8/2), was found to be the best. The values obtained for the index of refraction were found to be within 1 % of the published bulk value 1.615. The measured radii differed by several percent from those specified by the manufacturer. Several sources of error were analyzed, and their effects were simulated in numerical experiments. The largest source of error in the instrument was a discrepancy between the actual scattering angle and the reading provided by the instrument. Less significant was the noise introduced by the motion of the particle within the laser beam. A calibration eliminated most of the error in the scattering angle. The precision and accuracy of this technique are estimated to be 0.2% and 0.9%, respectively, of the particle size for particles of a nominal radius of 457 nm.

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“…Using turbidity measurements on four sizes of Dow PSL at wavelengths of 589, 546, and 436 nm, Smart and Willis (1967) obtained refractive indices somewhat lower than those calculated from Eq. (13).…”

Section: S C a T T E R I N G A N G L E I N D E G R E E Smentioning

confidence: 88%

Single Particle Light Scattering Measurements Using the Electrodynamic Balance

Davis¹,

Periasamy²

1982

Aerosol Science and Technology

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An electrodynamic balance built into a light scattering photometer was used to measure the light scattering characteristics of single liquid droplets and spherical and nonuniform solid particulates in the particle size range 1.0 < Dp < 12 pm. The real and imaginary components of the complex refractive index and the particle diameter have been determined for polystyrene latex spheres, liquid droplets, and dust particles generated by exposing soils to high heat fluxes. The optical properties and particle sizes for spheres are determined by comparing the measured light scattering profiles (intensity versus angle) with Mie theory. This is accomplished by suspending single spheres in a laser beam, recording the intensity of the scattered light as a function of angle, and interpreting the results by means of the squares of the differences between N data points and the corresponding Mie theory values.

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Determination of refractive indices of polystyrene latices by light scattering

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region

Size and Refractive Index Determination of Single Polystyrene Spheres

Single Particle Light Scattering Measurements Using the Electrodynamic Balance

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