Determination of Residence Time Distribution in a Continuous Powder Mixing Process With Supervised and Unsupervised Modeling of In-line Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopic Data

Rapid Prototyping of Miniaturized Powder Mixing Geometries

“…13,15,28 However, the smaller physical scale of the current mixing geometry cannot be directly compared to previous studies, where similar pulse experiments were conducted by adding a pulse at the inlet of the feeding funnel. 9,13,14 As such, the RTD of the system is commonly measured for both the feeding funnel and the mixing unit. In this study, the mixing unit is designed with a separate inlet for pulse feeding (Fig.…”

“…[10][11][12] The RTD will describe the behavior of powder within the mixing unit and thus, address the challenge of material traceability within continuous manufacturing lines. 13,14 RTD was originally used for describing flow in liquid-phase processes, but is also used to describe the flow of particles in solidphase processes. 9 A common approach for investigating RTD is based on an empirical model, which includes three considerations; material (tracer) added to the system, mean residence time (MRT), and the number of continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) in series.…”