Determination of retained austenite using an X-ray texture goniometer

Zhang, Mingxing; Kelly, P.M.; Bekessy, L. K.; Gates, J.D.

doi:10.1016/s1044-5803(00)00044-9

Cited by 43 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…3, the as-cast was subjected to a destabilizing heat treatment at a temperature of 950 °C, as at that temperature the matrix is supersaturated with carbon and chromium. According to Zhang et al [23], the lower the destabilization temperature, the more carbide is precipitated and the more martensite will form. As the diagram shows the presence of the γ phase and the characteristic K 2 carbide, the distribution of these phases was determined at 950 °C, for the ascast material, and the results showed approximately 66.67% austenite and 33.33% K 2 carbide.…”

Section: Fig 4 (A) Scanning Electron Microscopy and (B) Xrd Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mejoramiento de la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo de la fundición al alto cromo ASTM A-532 a través de ciclos de tratamiento térmico

2016

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High-Chromium White Cast Iron is a material highly used in mining and drilling shafts for oil extraction, due to its high wear resistance. However, because of the austenitic matrix found in the as-cast state, an adequate heat treatment cycle is necessary. This paper studies the effects of different cooling media after a destabilization treatment on the microstructure, hardening and abrasion resistance behaviors of a hypoeutectic high chromium white cast iron. The results show that although air cooling followed by immersion in CO 2 can effectively reduce the retained austenite, this is not enough to transform completely the retained austenite into martensite. The low retained austenite percentages improve bulk hardness, but they decrease the abrasion resistance of the high chromium cast iron. The best combination of hardness and wear resistance was found in the samples cooled in air, due to the percentage of retained austenite and a moderate precipitation of chromium carbide.Keywords: High chromium white cast iron, HCWCI, White cast iron, Chromium carbides, Hardness, Wear testing, Austenite, Martensite. Improvement of abrasive wear resistance of the high chromium cast iron ASTM A-532 through thermal treatment cycles ResumenLas fundiciones blancas de hierro al alto cromo son muy usadas en la minería y en la perforación de pozos petroleros, debido a su alta resistencia al desgaste; sin embargo, debido a que en el estado de colada su microestructura es austenítica, es necesario someterlas a un adecuado ciclo de tratamiento térmico. Este trabajo estudia los efectos de los diferentes medios de enfriamiento después de un tratamiento de desestabilización de la microestructura y, por ende, el efecto del grado de endurecimiento sobre el comportamiento a la abrasión de una fundición blanca al alto cromo hipoeutéctica. Los resultados muestran que a pesar de que el enfriamiento al aire, seguido por inmersión en CO 2 , puede reducir eficazmente la austenita retenida, esto no es suficiente para transformarla completamente en martensita. El bajo porcentaje de austenita retenida incrementa la dureza del material, pero disminuye la resistencia a la abrasión de las fundiciones al alto cromo. La mejor combinación de dureza y resistencia al desgaste se encontró en las muestras enfriadas al aire, debido al porcentaje de austenita retenida y a una moderada precipitación de carburos de cromo.Palabras clave: HCWCI, Fundiciones blancas de hierro, Fundición al alto cromo, Carburos de cromo, Austenita, Martensita. ResumoAs fundições brancas de ferro ao alto cromo são muito usadas na mineração e na perfuração de poços petroleiros, devido a sua alta resistência ao desgaste; porém, devido a que no estado de lingotamento sua microestrutura é austenítica, é necessário submetê-las a um adequado ciclo de tratamento térmico. Este trabalho estuda os efeitos dos diferentes meios de resfriamento depois de um tratamento de desestabilização da microestrutura e, consequentemente, o efeito do grau de endurecimento sobre o comportamento à abrasão ...

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Section: Fig 4 (A) Scanning Electron Microscopy and (B) Xrd Of The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mejoramiento de la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo de la fundición al alto cromo ASTM A-532 a través de ciclos de tratamiento térmico

2016

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“…retained austenite can effectively suppress the transformation from retained austenite to martensite. In order to reveal the correlation between mechanical properties and retained austenite characteristics, the volume fractions of retained austenite before and after tensile tests or impact tests were measured by XRD [30][31][32], as shown in Table 2. It can be seen that only thirtyfive percent of retained austenite has transformed into martensite at the onset of necking for the steel treated at 600°C for 2 h, indicating that the film-like retained austenite grains possesses relatively high mechanical stability.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between mechanical properties and retained austenite characteristics in a low-carbon medium manganese alloyed steel plate

Chen

Tang

et al. 2015

Materials Characterization

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“…The increase in the volumetric fraction of precipitated carbides over time results in a reduction of the carbon dissolved in austenite and an increase in the Ms and M f temperatures, which reduces the amount of austenite retained after cooling [13].…”

Section: Destabilization Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wear resistance of high chromium white cast iron for coal grinding rolls

Ortega-Cubillos

Nannetti-Bernardini

Fredel

et al. 2015

Rev. Fac. Ing. Antioquia

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High chromium white cast iron alloy used in coal grinding components is a material that may present different wear resistance depending on the thermal treatment used in its manufacturing. In this context, the properties of this alloy, containing 22% chromium and 3% carbon, were investigated after applying different heat treatments and their infl uence on the abrasion wear resistance was evaluated. For the characterization of the alloy, several experimental tests were performed using the following laboratory equipment: durometer, microdurometer, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, emission spectral photometry and equipment for wear testing according to the ASTM G65-04 (2010) standard. The results obtained reveal that the wear resistance of the selected alloy increases when a lower amount of austenite is retained in the matrix and high precipitation of secondary chromium carbides occurs. They also suggest that it is not necessary to use long times for the alloy destabilization in order to obtain higher hardness values and good wear resistance when the alloy is previously annealed, in contrast to what is practiced in the industry. RESUMEN:Las fundiciones blancas al alto cromo utilizadas en componentes de molinos de carbón son materiales que presentan diferentes resistencias al desgaste, dependiendo del tratamiento térmico usado en su fabricación. Las propiedades mecánicas, microestructurales y tribológicas de la aleación con 22% de cromo y 3% de carbono (II D ASTM A532-10) y su infl uencia en la resistencia al desgaste fueron investigadas. Para la caracterización de la aleación fueron realizados diversos ensayos, utilizando los siguientes equipos de laboratorio: durómetro, microdurómetro, microscopio óptico, microscopio electrónico de barrido, difracción de rayos X, espectrofotómetro de emisión óptica, y equipo para ensayo de desgaste abrasivo de acuerdo con la norma ASTM G65-04 (2010). Los resultados encontrados mostraron que la resistencia al desgaste incrementa cuando la matriz tiene una baja fracción volumétrica de austenita retenida y una alta fracción de carburos secundarios. También indican que no es necesario usar largos tiempos durante la desestabilización en la aleación II D para obtener una óptima resistencia al desgaste, cuando la aleación fue previamente recocida. Estos resultados indican que la industria puede usar tiempos cortos durante la desestabilización de los rodillos de molinos de carbón.

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Determination of retained austenite using an X-ray texture goniometer

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Mejoramiento de la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo de la fundición al alto cromo ASTM A-532 a través de ciclos de tratamiento térmico

Mejoramiento de la resistencia al desgaste abrasivo de la fundición al alto cromo ASTM A-532 a través de ciclos de tratamiento térmico

Correlation between mechanical properties and retained austenite characteristics in a low-carbon medium manganese alloyed steel plate

Wear resistance of high chromium white cast iron for coal grinding rolls

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