Determination of S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid after brain infarction.

Abstract

Background and Purpose:We initiated the present study to evaluate the clinical value of consecutive concentration determinations of S-100 and glial fibrillary acidic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with brain infarction.Methods: We took sequential samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 28 patients within 48 hours, at 7 days, and at 18-21 days after the ictus. We measured astroglial protein concentrations using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and also determined size of the infarction (computed tomography), clinical state of the patient (simplified activities of daily living test), blood-brain barrier dysfunction (cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio), and a myelin marker (myelin basic protein). Results: We found a transient increase of both proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid during the first week after the ischemic stroke (/?<0.05). This increment was significantly correlated with the size of the infarction and the clinical state of the patients.Conclusions: Transient release of astroglial proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid possibly reflects initial focal ischemic damage and, in the later phase, ongoing destruction of astroglial cells in the penumbra zone. We suggest that determinations of cerebrospinal fluid astroglial protein concentrations can be used to estimate ischemic brain damage, which should be of particular value in clinical trials of pharmacological agents, such as calcium antagonists, on stroke patients. (Stroke 1991;22:1254-1258)

Serum S-100 Protein, Relationship to Clinical Outcome in Acute Stroke

“…He reported that more than 90% of the patients had serum S-100 greater than O' 3 Jlg/L and this agrees with the result of C5F 5-100 measurements reported by Aurell et a/. 20 To investigate temporal changes in the disease process, serum 5-100 was measured consecutively in 13 patients during the first 96 h. Although 5-100 concentrations were elevated, no dramatic changes were observed during this period. This is consistent with other studies which have shown peak concentration of 5-100 in C5F and serum between 48 hand 7 days after brain injury.6,20 The long lasting peak after stroke means that 5-100 can be measured at any time during the first few days after stroke, an important attribute in any prospective prognostic test.…”

αII-Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs): Diagnosis and Outcome in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

“…NSE is also released in the blood by hemolysis, which may be a serious source of error ( Johnsson, 1996). Numerous reports in the literature document the usefulness of measuring glial fibrillary acidic protein in CSF as a specific indicator of CNS pathological abnormalities (Eng et al, 1971;Eng 1980;Aurell et al, 1991;Blennow et al, 1996). S-100b, the principal low-affinity calcium-binding protein in astrocytes (Xiong et al, 2000), was reported to consistently correlate with both GCS score and neuroradiological findings at admission (Raabe et al, 1999b(Raabe et al, , 1998Romner et al, 2000;Woertgen et al, 1999).…”

Neurocognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery and biochemical markers

“…[10] Beta-beta (S100bb) glial ve Schwann hücrelerinde, alfa-beta (S100ab) sadece glial hücrelerde ve alfaalfa (S100aa) ise çizgili kaslar, kalp ve böbrekte bulunur. [26][27][28] S100 proteini böbrekte metabolize olup idrarla atılmaktadır. [29] Yarılanma ömrü 25 dakika olan S100 proteininin eliminasyonu orta derecede renal yetmezlikten etkilenmemektedir.…”