Determination of scandium in coal fly ash and geological materials by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Bettinelli, M.; Baroni, U.; Pastorelli, N.

doi:10.1039/an9871200023

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…There was no significant interference of 40 Ar 35 Cl and 35 Cl 16 O on 75 As and 51 V, respectively. This was attributed to the very low concentration of chloride in SRM 2709.…”

Section: Comparison Of Internal Standardsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The same concentration ratio has also found for the fresh water plankton reference material (CRM 414). Despite the fact that no significant interferences was observed for As and V in the analysis of the soil and fresh water plankton reference materials, these elements suffer from 40 Ar 35 Cl and 35 Cl 16 O, respectively, at high chloride concentrations. Thus, the true concentrations of V and As might be lower than the values given.…”

Section: Analysis Of Marine Plankton Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in our experiments 111 Cd provided the most accurate results for SRM 2709 despite the high concentration of Zr. This might be due to either incomplete dissolution of Zr containing refractory minerals, resulting in negligible numbers of triatomic 94 Zr 16 OH ions, or an undercorrection for 114 Sn interference on 114 Cd by the ELAN software, which caused higher ion counts for 114 Cd. The latter was confirmed by comparing the Cd 114/ 111 isotope ratios obtained from standards and soil solutions with that due to the natural abundances.…”

Section: Comparison Of Internal Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major advantages of ICP-MS are well documented [9][10][11][12][13]. Numerous determinations of trace elements in biological materials [10,11,13], foods [14,15], siliceous materials [12,16,17], and saline solutions [18] have been reported. However, ICP-MS, does suffer from both spectral and non-spectral interferences [8,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these effects are considered to arise from space-charge effects in the ions lenses [8,12,13,18]. Internal standardization has been shown to be an effective means of compensating for the matrix induced suppression providing that an internal standard of similar mass and first ionization energy to the analyte is chosen [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Flow injection techniques have also been successfully utilized with ICP-MS to implement various strategies for overcoming the matrix interferences [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of trace elements in marine plankton by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Arslan

Ertaş

Tyson

et al. 2000

Fresenius J Anal Chem

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A method has been developed for the determination of 23 elements in marine plankton in which inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source mass spectrometry (MS) was used to quantify the elements in the solution after digestion in a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids in sealed PTFE vessels in a microwave field. The procedure was validated by the analysis of a standard reference soil (SRM 2709 San Joaquin Soil) and a standard reference fresh water plankton (CRM 414). The method was applied to the analysis of several marine plankton samples grown under controlled conditions including several whose growth media had been enriched with selenium. Matrix induced signal suppressions and instrumental drift were corrected by internal standardization. The suitabilities of germanium, indium, rhodium, scandium and yttrium as internal standard elements were evaluated. Neither scandium nor yttrium could be used due to the presence of these elements in the samples, germanium was used for the determination of As, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Se, Si and Zn, indium was used for Al, Ba, Ca, Eu, Sr, and Tl, and rhodium was used for Cd, Cr, Hg, Mg, Pb, Sb, Sn, and V. For Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Si, Sr, V, and Zn internal standardization did not completely compensate for the suppressive effect of the heavier elements and the solutions were diluted. However, for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Eu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn and Tl, it was possible to obtain accurate results despite the 35-40% suppression in the signals. Isobaric overlap was only a problem in the cases of 42 Ca and 78 Se; 44 Ca and 77 Se, respectively, were used. Memory effects were only observed with Hg for which a nitric acid-sodium chloride solution was the most effective wash-out solution. The marine plankton samples were able to tolerate a higher concentration of Hg as the selenium concentration increased.

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“…There was no significant interference of 40 Ar 35 Cl and 35 Cl 16 O on 75 As and 51 V, respectively. This was attributed to the very low concentration of chloride in SRM 2709.…”

Section: Comparison Of Internal Standardsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Analysis Of Marine Plankton Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Internal Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Determination of trace elements in marine plankton by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Arslan

Ertaş

Tyson

et al. 2000

Fresenius J Anal Chem

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Bibliography

1998

Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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Scandium

Iain

Chassé

2016

Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series

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International audienceAtomic symbol: Sc Atomic number: 21 Atomic weight: 44.95591 Isotopes and abundances: 45 Sc 100 % 1 Atm melting point: 1541 C 1 Atm boiling point: 2836 C Common valences: 3+ Ionic radii: 6-fold, 74.5 pm, 8-fold, 87 pm Pauling electronegativity: 1.36 First ionization energy: 633.1 kJ/mol Chondritic (CI) abundance: 5.81 ppm Silicate Earth abundance: 16.4 ppm Crustal abundance: 21.9 Seawater abundance: 2–20 pmol/L Core abundance: $0 Properties Scandium is the lightest group 3 (IIIB) element and is the lightest of the transition metals. Its atomic number (proton number) is 21, has only one long-lived isotope, and has an atomic mass of 44.95591 u. Scandium's electronic configuration is [Ar]4s 2 3d 1 and only occurs in the trivalent state (Sc 3+) in nature. Thus, unlike most other period 4 transition metals, the geochemical behavior of scandium is not affected by redox conditions and shows lithophile behavior. The effective ionic radii in six-and eightfold coordination are 74.5 and 87 pm, respectively (Shannon, 1976), and its Pauling electronegativ-ity is 1.36. Pure scandium metal has a melting point of 1541 C at 1 atm. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry considers Sc to be a rare earth element (REE) (Damhus et al., 2005); however, the ionic radius and electronic configuration of Sc are sufficiently different from yttrium and the lanthanides that it is generally excluded from discussions of the REE. History and Use Scandium was " discovered " by Lars Fredrik Nilson in 1879 by separation from rare earth mixtures from euxenite and gadolinite and is named for Scandinavia. Global production of Sc is small ($10 tonnes per year) as a by-product from mining of ores of titanium, rare earths, apatite, and uranium. Bauxites are another potential source of Sc, as it gets concentrated, along with other elements, in the " red mud " residue that results from Al processing (Deady et al., 2016). The principal uses of Sc are in Sc-Al alloys and in solid oxide fuel cells. Minor amounts of Sc are also used in a variety of other applications including electronics, lasers, and lighting. Natural Abundances The abundance of Sc in the solar system, as estimated from chondritic meteorites, is ca. 5.81 ppm (McDonough and Sun, 1995). The refractory behavior of this element in the solar nebula as well as its lithophile behavior led to the relative concentration of this element in the silicate Earth, with an estimated abundance of about 16 ppm, which is also th

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Determination of scandium in coal fly ash and geological materials by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Determination of trace elements in marine plankton by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

Determination of trace elements in marine plankton by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

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