Determination of selected organochlorine pesticide (OCP) compounds from the Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa

Sibali, Linda L.; Okwonkwo, Jonathan O.; McCrindle, Rob I.

doi:10.4314/wsa.v34i5.180659

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is still detectable in nearly 10% of the population of the United States of America (USA) after 33 years of the prohibition, and its degradation product, dichlorodiphenylchloroethane (DDE), is found in almost every individual living in the region. Some of the products are still being distributed illegally in many countries with different trade names [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. OCPs are ubiquitously found in almost every compartment of the environment owing to their chemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of Organochlorine Pesticides along the Course of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and Its Health Implications

Yahaya

Okoh

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Most organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) which are increasingly used in agriculture and industry are not biodegradable and thereby persist in the environment for a very long period of time. They are capable of negatively impacting the health of humans and biota when present in a higher concentration than recommended. This study evaluated the concentrations of 17 OCPs in surface water samples collected from six sampling sites along the course of the Buffalo River in Eastern Cape, South Africa, between December 2015 and May 2016. The samples were subjected to solvent extraction, followed by florisil clean up, and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with an electron capture detector. The individual concentrations of OCPs detected ranged from

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrences of Organochlorine Pesticides along the Course of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and Its Health Implications

Yahaya

Okoh

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…The comparison of the results of the present study with other results obtained elsewhere in South Africa showed that the levels of OCPs in the uMngeni River water were higher than the levels detected in sediment (trace-184 ng/g) of freshwater systems in the Eastern Cape (Fatoki and Awofolu, 2003b). However, the uMngeni River was much less polluted by OCPs than the Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, where OCP levels varied from 0.895 to 9 089 ng/ mL in unfiltered water and from 0.266 to 22 914 ng/g, dw in sediments (Sibali et al, 2008). Figures A9 and A10 show that the concentrations of OCPs in water were less than in pore water and much less than in the sediments.…”

Section: Total Mean Concentration Of Ocps In Water Pore Water and Sementioning

confidence: 95%

Partition distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in water, sediment pore water and surface sediment from uMngeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Gakuba

Moodley

Ndungu

et al. 2018

WSA

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Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analysed in surface water, pore water and surface sediment samples collected from the uMngeni River, which is one of the largest rivers in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to extract the analytes from water and pore water samples and soxhlet extraction was used to extract sediment samples with subsequent florisil clean-up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Twelve selected OCPs were analysed and their total concentrations were found to range from 8.04-21.06 ng/mL, 36.06-188.43 ng/mL and 148.17-554.73 ng/g in unfiltered surface water, unfiltered pore water and surface sediment (dry weight (dw)), respectively. The results indicated that the concentrations of these selected pesticides were far higher in sediment (72%) than in pore water (25%) and water (3%). The most polluted sites were Northern Wastewater Treatment influent (NWTI) for water (∑ 12 OCP = 19.41 ± 1.43 ng/mL) and Northern Wastewater Treatment effluent (NWTE) for pore water (∑ 12 OCP = 166.23 ± 7.16 ng/mL) and sediment (∑ 12 OCP = 495.21 ± 32.38 ng/g). The most abundant individual OCPs and their average concentrations in general in the river were p,p′-DDE in unfiltered water (1.62 ±0.22 ng/mL) and unfiltered sediment pore water (17.09 ±7.96 ng/mL), and endrin in surface sediment (55.57 ± 19.01 ng/g, dw).

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“…For β, γ, and δ-BHC, concentrations were in the range of 9-270 ng/g and endosulphate I was detected in concentrations ranging from 8 to 99 ng/g ( Table 3). The use of OCPs has been banned in many countries, including South Africa, where DDT is still used by government official for malaria vector control in some parts of the country, and DDT sticks strongly to sludge particles and does not move quickly to wastewater [8][9]. These groups of OCPs may still be used secretly under an unknown trade name in crop farming due to their low cost and effectiveness for pest control [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Congenersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of organochlorides that are banned in South Africa are still in use, causing various hazard effects to ecosystems. A study from the Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa showed a significant high level concentration of OCPs in all the sampling points [8][9]. There were also some studies monitoring OCPs in sewage sludge in Europe [4,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Selected Sewage Sludge in South Africa : Assessment and Method Validation

Ademoyegun¹,

Okoh²,

Okoh³

2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sewage sludge from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), with a view to study their contribution to the environmental pollution of the Amathole District in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Analyses were performed by gas chromatography joined with micro electron capture detector (µECD). The limits of detection (LODs) of the tested congeners varied from 0.04 ng/g α-Lindane (α-BHC) to 0.49 ng/g (endosulfan sulfate), and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.22 ng/g (aldrin) to 2.17 ng/g δ-lindane (δ-BHC). Total concentrations of the 17 congeners for different seasons in the sludge ranged from 191 to 947 ng/g dw. For the six predominant congeners, the total highest concentration levels were found in this order dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (DDD), α-BHC, γ-BHC, aldrin and endosulphate 1, and with values of 1512, 1330, 1095, 998, 994 and 547 ng/g respectively. For this result the contamination levels of some congeners for South African sludge can be categorized as high compared with European countries, but moderate to lower compared to other countries worldwide. Some congener (α-BHC, γ-BHC, aldrin, endosulphate 1, DDD and DDT) contents in the samples exceeded limits set by the European Commission for 1000 ng/g set for Σ DDT and 500 ng/g for other pesticide use of sludge in agriculture.

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Determination of selected organochlorine pesticide (OCP) compounds from the Jukskei River catchment area in Gauteng, South Africa

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Occurrences of Organochlorine Pesticides along the Course of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and Its Health Implications

Occurrences of Organochlorine Pesticides along the Course of the Buffalo River in the Eastern Cape of South Africa and Its Health Implications

Partition distribution of selected organochlorine pesticides in water, sediment pore water and surface sediment from uMngeni River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Organochlorine Pesticides in Selected Sewage Sludge in South Africa : Assessment and Method Validation

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