Determination of Selenium in the Environment and in Biological Material

Abstract

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Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography for determination of ultra-trace levels of Se(IV) after derivatization in urine, plasma and natural water samples

“…The human nutritional requirement for selenium has been determined to be in the range of 0.1-0.3 mg kg −1 of diet. However, in the range of 2-10 mg kg −1 of diet, it produces some chronic toxicity symptoms as liver carcinoma, cirrhosis, teeth, hair and nail losses, irritation of the eyes and paralysis [2]. Although the median lethal dose of selenium varies with the kind of animals, the dose of sodium selenite in rats has been reported as 7 mg kg −1 [3], while that of sodium selenate is 31.5 mg kg −1 [4].…”

Selenium

“…These methods have been reviewed by several authors during the past two to three decades (e.g., Nazarenko and Ermakov 1972, Bem 1981, Raptis et al 1983, Ihnat 1992, Thomassen et al 1994, Alaejos and Romero 1995. In publications dealing with selenium in general methods for selenium and selenium compounds were also mentioned (e.g., Cooper 1974, Glover et al 1979, Robberecht and van Grieken 1980, Einbrodt and Michels 1984, WHO 1987, Fishbein 1991.…”

Origin, Mobilization and Distribution of Selenium in a Soil/Water/Air System: A Global Perspective With Special Reference to the Indian Scenario

“…The easiest, inexpensive and negligible matrix interference spectrophotometric method is also common that measures intensity of Se(IV) and organic reagents color complex. Better detection limit (0.1 μg/L) along with matrix non‐interference is achieved by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry ; better sensitivity and low sample volume requirement is the advantage of the later technique. Inductively coupled plasma coupled with MS (ICP‐MS), atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), and optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) is routine techniques because of multi‐element analytical capability .…”

“…Instrumental neutron activation analysis is popular as a non‐destructive technique because of multi‐element capability, low detectability (10 −8 –10 −9 g Se, ) and negligible matrix interferences. Activation with thermal neutrons as source of radioactive Se isotopes and measure of the activity of the irradiated samples with a γ‐ray multichannel analyser involves the basic principle where 77 Se (t 1/2 = 17.5 s) and 75 Se (t 1/2 = 120.4 d) are commonly used for activation.…”