Determination of selenium in water and industrial effluents by flameless atomic absorption

Determination of Metals in Soils

“…[137][138][139] Other elements capable of forming selenides (i.e., barium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc) did not interfere and arsenic interference was minimized. A detection limit of 10-12 μg kg −1 selenium has been achieved using a graphite electrothermal furnace and background correction with a deuterium lamp.…”

Metals in River Water

“…Treatment of the furnace or addition of various metals, such as nickel, 673-681 mercury, 682 molybdenum, 683 lanthanum, 675 copper, 682,684-687 mercury, 682 and chromium 687 diminishes the chemical interference in water analysis, allows use of higher ashing temperatures without losses, and results in a significantly enhanced sensitivity. Vickery and Buren 675 reported that added metal solutions counteract signal depression by interfering elements not only because they reduce the volatility of selenium but also because they modify the graphite furnace surface, leading to more efficient atom formation.…”

Palladium as a Matrix Modifier in Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry of Group IIIB - VIB Elements

“…12 At about the same time, molybdenum was used as a modifier for selenium determination. 3 Since then, however, palladium has been increasingly frequently used, and has become widely acknowledged as a universal modifier for group IIIB -VIB elements.…”