Determination of six organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by three-dimensional graphene aerogel-based solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Abstract

3D graphene aerogel fabricated via chemical reduction followed by freeze-drying treatment was used as SPE sorbent to extract OPPs from water sample.

Utilizing modified cellulose nanoparticles derived from a plant loofah sponge to improve the removal of diazinon insecticide from an aqueous medium

“…Several approaches have been used to remove organophosphorus insecticide, especially diazinon, from wastewater, including biological process, 7 electrochemistry, 8 photocatalysis, 9 oxidation, 10 membrane filtration, chromatography, 11 and adsorption. 12,13 Every method has drawbacks and benefits.…”

Occurrence, Distribution, and Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Pesticides in the Aquatic Environment of the Sele River Estuary, Southern Italy

“…Referring to the chemical structures and functional groups, organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are phosphates, phosphoramides, or phosphorothioates, which typically contain P–O, P–N, or P–S bonds, respectively [ 9 ]. They are widely used worldwide as fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides for protecting against parasites, bacteria, and weeds, thereby reducing crop damages [ 24 , 25 ]. However, after application only a small percentage of them (~0.1%) act on target organisms [ 18 , 26 ], while the rest move into the environment through natural diffusion processes like surface runoff, wind or soil erosion, spray dispersion, and preferential water flow [ 10 , 27 ].…”

“…In this context, it is necessary to investigate the spatial and temporal occurrence and ecological risks of these chemicals in water resources to ensure the safety of aquatic organisms and humans. In fact, OPP pollution can be a serious problem because these chemicals, being vulnerable to natural processes such as volatilization, adsorption, oxidation, biodegradation, and hydrolysis, can form degradation products that exhibit higher toxicity, persistence, and stronger endocrine disrupting effects than parent compounds [ 19 , 24 , 44 , 45 ].…”

Determination of fenthion in environmental water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with spectrofluorimetric and chemometrics methods

“…Due to the low concentration of the analytes and the complex matrix of the samples, a preliminary sample preconcentration and a separation technique are required. Thus, different extraction processes have been used for separation and pre-concentration of trace pesticide residues, such as solid phase extraction method (SPE) [8][9][10][11], solid phase microextraction (SPME) [12], [13], single drop microextraction (SDME) [14] and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [15][16][17].…”