Determination of small drug molecules by capillary electrophoresis-atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry

Johansson, Ingvar; Pavelka, R; Henion, Jack D.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(91)80099-3

Cited by 103 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The latter technique is sometimes referred to as ion-spray ionization. When the spray itself is operated under ambient pressure, the technique is sometimes presented as atmospheric pressure ionization (MI) [144,154,1551. Since the mentioned techniques all use an electrospray-type of vaporizer and yield the same type of ions, we will not use these terms.…”

Section: Esimentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyte identification in capillary electrophoretic separation techniques

et al. 1998

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A review on applications of on-line hyphenation in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography for the identification of migrating analytes is presented. There is an urgent need for unambiguous analyte identification by combining spectral information and observed migration times, because the parameters influencing the migration times and separation efficiencies in these separation techniques are not easily controlled, especially when real samples containing unknown interferences have to be analyzed. The spectrometric techniques covered here are ultraviolet and visible radiation (UV/Vis) absorption, fluorescence including fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Attention is essentially confined to literature reports in which the extra information provided by the detector is really used for identification purposes, especially in real-life samples, while the interfacing as such and analyte detectabilities in standard solutions are only briefly discussed. This article covers an extensive fraction of the literature published on this topic until the beginning of 1998.

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Section: Esimentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyte identification in capillary electrophoretic separation techniques

et al. 1998

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“…A dynamic pH junction in CE for improved focusing of nucleotides has been introduced for improved concentration sensitivity [19]. CE has been combined with mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of biomolecules, such as proteins [20][21][22][23][24][25], peptides and amino acids [20,21,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32], small-molecule drugs [32][33][34][35][36][37], DNA adducts [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45], etc. A major consideration in CE-MS is the compatibility of the electrophoresis running buffer with the electrospray process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray‐mass spectrometry of nucleosides and nucleotides: Application to phosphorylation studies of anti‐human immunodeficiency virus nucleosides in a human hepatoma cell line

Liu¹,

Huang

Tyrrell

et al. 2005

Electrophoresis

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We report the use of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) for the determination of antiretroviral dideoxynucleosides (ddNs), their nucleotides, and a set of ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides. A CE system for separation of most commonly used antiretroviral ddNs has been developed based on a basic buffer with a volatile electrolyte suitable for ESI-MS detection in an untreated capillary column. Positive and negative ionization modes are investigated and compared for sensitive and stable electrospray performance. A 14-compound mixture of nucleosides and nucleotides is profiled in a single capillary zone electrophoresis separation with a distinct elution order: electroosmotic flow, ddNs, mononucleotides, dinucleotides, and trinucleotides in less than 18 min. The fragmentation pathways of the nucleosides and nucleotides in ESI-MS have been interpreted. Concentration limits of detection are 100 to 200 nM with an injection volume of approximately 10 nL. This technique has been used to detect naturally occurring nucleotides and to study the metabolism of lamivudine (3TC) in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. 3TC and its metabolites 3TC-monophosphate, 3TC-diphosphate, and 3TC-triphosphate were detected after 10 h of incubation of 3TC with the cells.

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“…Not surprisingly, first applications dealing with drug monitoring appeared in the literature. CE-MS determination of urinary N-1-hydroxyethylflurazepam (major metabolite of flurazepam) [17], haloperidol [18], b-agonists [19], nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and some of their metabolites [20], paracetamol and metabolites [21±23], nonopioid analgesics [23] and methylphenidate [24] has been reported, work that was mainly geared towards the elucidation and confirmation of drug metabolism. Furthermore, application of CE-MS to urinary confirmation testing of methadone (MET) and its major urinary metabolite, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), has been described [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%