Determination of Spectinomycin in Human Urine Using CE Coupled with Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

Abstract

A method of capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated chemiluminescence was developed for the detection of spectinomycin. The linear ranges were from 0.01 to 1.0 mg mL -1 for spectinomycin. The limit of detection for spectinomycin with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1 was found to be 4.0 lg mL -1 . For practical application perchloric acid was used to eliminate the protein contained in human urine, which is very harmful to electrophoresis separation. The recoveries of spectinomycin at different levels in human urine were between 91.1 and 106.5%. The RSD was between 2.6 and 4.8% (n = 5-6). It was valuable in clinical and biochemical laboratories for monitoring the drug for various purposes.

Characteristics of Integrons and Associated Gene Cassettes in Antibiotic‐Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Free‐Ranging Food Animals in China

“…As a result, these findings suggest a possible linkage with the widespread use of aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, and streptomycin–spectinomycin in humans and farmed animals. Specially, spectinomycin is extensively used for the treatment of gonorrhea and respiratory/enteric infections in humans and animals, respectively (Wei and others ). Genetic elements containing antibiotic resistance genes can readily be spread via direct contact, as well as through the cross‐contamination of water, food, and feces, between free‐ranging and other farm animals present within the study area.…”

Development of sensitive benzofurazan‐based spectrometric methods for analysis of spectinomycin in vials and human biological samples

“…[4] In addition, various other methods have been used to determine SPEC, such as spectrophotometry, [5] high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [1,[6][7][8] gas chromatography [9] and electrophoresis. [10,11] Several drawbacks have been reported for these methods, such as lack of sensitivity, [5] the need for expensive instrumentation and the use of organic solvents. [1,[6][7][8] 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) is a chemical reagent that reacts with amine moietycontaining drugs forming fluorogenic and chromogenic products under alkaline conditions.…”

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

“…Other complexes of ruthenium, such as Ru-(bpy) 2 (CE-bpy) 2+ [CE-bpy is a bipyridine ligand in which a crown ether (15-crown-5) is bound to the bpy ligand in the 3-and 3 0 -positions] [55] and (bpy) 2 Ru(AZAbpy) 2+ [(bpy) 2,2 0 -bipyridine; AZA-bpy) 4-(N-aza-18-crown-6-methyl-2,2 0 -bipyridine)] [54,57] also exhibits strong ECL. Former chelate is sensitive to sodium ions in aqueous buffered solution ( Fig.…”

“…Ionic liquid was used as the binder [54] and LODs for GLY and its major metabolite AMPA in water were 0.06 and 4.04 lg mL -1 , respectively. ECL detection along with CE separation was used for the rapid detection of spectinomycin for monitoring the drug in clinical and biochemical laboratories [55]. Using ultrasonic microdialysis, another more sensitive and selective CE-ECL method was used for determination of the number of binding sites and binding constant between diltiazem hydrochloride (DLT) and human serum albumin (HAS).…”