Determination of styrene in selected foods

Steele, David H.; Thornburg, Michael J.; Stanley, J.S.; Miller, R. R.; Brooke, R.C.; Cushman, Janette R.; Cruzan, George

doi:10.1021/jf00044a015

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Styrene was not detected in non-inoculated jam. Steele et al (1994) detected styrene in strawberries without any visible mold growth but the concentrations (0.37e3.1 ng g À1 ) were less than 1% of the concentrations measured in moldy strawberry jam agar in this study. Fungi are able to convert cinnamic acid to styrene (Middelhoven & Gelpke, 1995;Shimada et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Volatile compounds produced by fungi grown in strawberry jam

Nieminen

Neubauer

Sivelä

et al. 2008

LWT - Food Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Volatile compounds produced by fungi grown in strawberry jam

Nieminen

Neubauer

Sivelä

et al. 2008

LWT - Food Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Steele et al (1994) determined styrene in 8 of 12 selected food types, including cinnamon, beef, coffee beans, peanuts, wheat, oats, pecans, strawberries, and peaches, but this compound was not found in tomatoes, chicken and milk. Enzymatic formation of styrene is also possible (Schwarz et al, 2012) because pollen is produced by bees with the addition of their saliva.…”

Section: Volatile Compounds Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile compounds composition and antioxidant activity of bee pollen collected in Lithuania

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characterization of volatile compounds composition and evaluation of antioxidant properties of bee pollen collected in Lithuania is presented in the paper, which is the first study on pollen of Lithuanian origin to our knowledge. Three polyfloral pollen samples collected by honey bees were analyzed. Characterization of volatile compounds was performed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. Styrene was predominant in all samples contributing 19.6-27.0 mass %. Sample A distinguished by a high amount of limonene, 9.0 mass %, sample B differed from the rest by a high content of hexanal, 9.3 mass %, and nonanal, 12.3 mass %, while sample C showed the highest content of 1-tridecene, 43.3 mass %. Screening of antioxidant properties was carried out by spectrophotometric methods and liquid chromatography coupled with a post-column 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reaction detector and electrochemical detector. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents together with radical scavenging activity in the free radical (DPPH) model system were evaluated in the tested samples. Total phenolic content varied from 24.4 mg g −1 to 38.9 mg g −1 , total flavonoid content was in the range of 7.3-10.0 mg g −1 and radical scavenging activity was found between 30.7 mg g −1 and 34.9 mg g −1 , all data are expressed in rutin equivalents. To process the collected data statistically and classify the bee pollen samples to clusters according to their volatile composition and antioxidant activity, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and non-linear discriminant analysis were applied.

show abstract

“…The calculations on this basis indicated that (i) 0.9 μg of styrene and 0.9 μg of 2-vinylpyridine would be consumed per day by the cow, (ii) for a cow producing 5 kg milk per day (most concentrated output), the residues of both monomers would be 0.0016 μg equivalent styrene and 0.0061 μg equivalent 2-vinylpyridine/kg milk. These values are about three orders of magnitude lower than the levels of styrene found in a wide range of foodstuffs (Steele et al 1994;Tawfik and Huyghebaert, 1998;MAFF, 1999;FDA, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Untitled

2012

EFSA Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scientific Opinion on DL-methionine, DL-methionine sodium salt, the hydroxy analogue of methionine and the calcium salt of methionine hydroxy analogue in all animal species; on the isopropyl ester of methionine hydroxy analogue and DLmethionine technically pure protected with copolymer vinylpyridine/styrene in dairy cows; and on DL-methionine technically pure protected with ethylcellulose in ruminants. EFSA Journal 2012;10(3) ABSTRACTMethionine is an essential amino acid in all animal species. Supplementation of appropriate amounts of methionine and analogues to meet requirements is safe for the target species. The use of methionine-based additives will not result in an increased content in tissues and products. Residues present in animal tissues and products resulting from the extremely small quantities of free styrene and 2-vinylpyridine found in DLmethionine copolymer (DL-Met-cop) are very unlikely to raise concerns about consumer safety. None of the products are considered to present a significant inhalation risk. DL-Methionine (DL-Met), DL-Met-cop and DLmethionine protected with ethylcellulose (DL-Met-ec) are non-irritant to skin and eyes, and the lack of sensitisation potential demonstrated for DL-Met is considered relevant to DL-Met-cop and DL-Met-ec. DLMethionine sodium salt (DL-Met-Na) is considered to be corrosive to skin and eyes. The hydroxy analogue of methionine (HMTBa) is an irritant to the skin and corrosive to the eyes. The calcium salt of HMTBa, HMTBaCa, is irritant to the eyes. The absence of dermal sensitation potential demonstrated for HMTBa is considered relevant for HMTBa-Ca. The isopropyl ester of HMTBa, HMTB-i, is non-irritant to skin/eyes, and is not a dermal sensitiser. The use of these products as feed additives does not represent a risk to the environment. DLMet, DL-Met-Na, HMTBa and HMTBa-Ca are effective dietary sources of methionine for protein synthesis in monogastric animals (including fish). The hydroxy analogues show a somewhat lower bioefficacy than the DLmethionine forms. They can all be used in ruminants, particularly when protected against ruminal degradation by specific formulations. DL-Met-cop, HMTB-i and DL-Met-ec escape ruminal degradation to a certain extent, the remainder being available for gastrointestinal absorption. The FEEDAP Panel does not support the use of the additives under application in water for drinking because of concerns about target animal safety and the maintenance of optimum performance. Methionine, its salts, analogues, and rumen-protected forms for all animal species/ruminants 2 EFSA Journal 2012;10(3):2623 KEY WORDSDL-Methionine, DL-methionine sodium salt, hydroxy analogue of methionine, calcium salt of methionine hydroxy analogue, isopropyl ester of methionine hydroxy analogue, DL-methionine protected with copolymer vinylpyridine/styrene, DL-methionine protected with ethylcellulose, safety, efficacy Methionine, its salts, analogues, and rumen-protected forms for all animal species/ruminants 3 EFSA Journal 2012;10(3):2623 SUMMARYFollowing a req...

show abstract

Determination of styrene in selected foods

Cited by 57 publications

References 5 publications

Volatile compounds produced by fungi grown in strawberry jam

Volatile compounds produced by fungi grown in strawberry jam

Volatile compounds composition and antioxidant activity of bee pollen collected in Lithuania

Untitled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About