Determination of Sulfonamide Residues in Food by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with On-Line Chemiluminescence Detection Based on an Ag(III) Complex

Abstract

The presence of sulfonamide (SA) residues in foods is largely due to the raising of animals with sulfonamide antibiotics added or polluted feedstuff. In this paper, a sensitive method was developed for the determination of the residues of three sulfonamides in animal-derived food; the SAs include sulfadimidine (SDD), sulfadiazine (SDZ), and sulfathiazole (STZ). The method is based on capillary zone electrophoresis (CE) with online chemiluminescence (CL) detection, using an Ag(III) complex as an oxidant. These SAs have an inhibiting effect on the Ag(III)–luminol CL reaction. The electrophoretic buffer is 12.0 mM sodium borate. Under a set of optimized conditions, the linear ranges for the detections were found to be 10.0–200 µg·mL−1 for SDD and SDZ, and 2.0–50.0 µg·mL−1 for STZ. The detection limits were 2.75, 3.14, and 0.65 µg·mL−1 for SDD, SDZ, and STZ, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSD) for the peak heights were between 2.1% and 2.8% (n = 7). The proposed method was used in the analysis of the SAs in samples from pork meat, chicken meat, and milk, showing satisfactory detection results. A reaction mechanism was also proposed for the Ag(III)–luminol–SA CL reactions. The method has potential applications for the monitoring of residue levels of the three SAs in food, providing food safety data.

Advances in the Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Food Matrices by Capillary Electrophoresis Techniques

“…Chemiluminescence (CL) emissions were generated by the oxidation of luminol in the Ag(III)-luminol system, and sulfonamides exhibited an inhibitory effect on CL signals. The careful optimization of different parameters (buffer type and pH, voltage, and injection time) allowed a promising selective and sensitive method to be obtained for the analysis of veterinary drug residuals in animal-derived food [73].…”

Investigation on a Sensitive Chemiluminescence System Based on Ni(IV) Complex to Determine Two β2-Agonist Drugs in Urine and Swine Feed and Their Mechanism

“…The Ag(III) complex can react with luminol (Lu) to produce CL, which has been successfully utilized to determine several biological samples [27][28][29][30] with unusually high sensitivities. In this work, we developed a CL system based on another UTMC complex (i.e., Ni(IV) complex, [Ni(OH)2(HIO6)2] 6− ), which is fairly stable in alkaline medium, and has steady oxidation characters than Ag(III) complex.…”

“…Over the last few years, part of our research effort has been devoted to the studies of oxidation reactions by an unusual oxidation states of transition metal complexes (UTMC), Ag(III) ([Ag(HIO 6 ) 2 ] 5− ) [25,26]. The Ag(III) complex can react with luminol (Lu) to produce CL, which has been successfully utilized to determine several biological samples [27][28][29][30] with unusually high sensitivities. In this work, we developed a CL system based on another UTMC complex (i.e., Ni(IV) complex, [Ni(OH) 2 (HIO 6 ) 2 ] 6− ), which is fairly stable in alkaline medium, and has steady oxidation characters than Ag(III) complex.…”

Analysis of antibiotics by CE and CEC and their use as chiral selectors: An update

“…In addition to UV and MS detection, other detection systems have been used in CE in the period of time reviewed in this article with the aim of determining different types of antibiotics. LIF , light emitting diode‐induced fluorescence detector (LED‐FLD), , photoluminescence , chemiluminescence , ECL , amperometric detection (AD) , and C 4 D were employed (see Table ).…”

“…In this sense, Dai et al. developed a CZE methodology with on‐line chemiluminescence detection for the determination of sulfonamide residues in foods . The detection was based on the inhibition effect of three different sulfonamides on the signal generated by the oxidation of luminol by the Ag (III) complex.…”