Determination of sulfur by the measurement of molecular emission in cool flames. Conversion of sample sulfur to hydrogen sulfide

Cool flames. Use of the term in combustion chemistry and analytical chemistry

“…(2) have reported that amylobarbitone (5-ethyl-5-isoamyl barbituric acid) exhibits phosphorescence at liquid nitrogen temperatures. According to the latter group ( 2 ) , the phosphorescence intensity of amylobarbitone is greater than that of phenobarbitone (5-ethyl-5-phenyl barbituric acid) in a range of organic solvents, whereas Miles and Schenk ( 1 ) found that amylobarbitone had a phosphorescence emission equivalent to only 1% of its total luminescence intensity in base at 77 K.…”

“…Sir: A recent paper by Shiffman and Frank in Analytical Chemistry entitled "Determination of Sulfur by the Measurement of Molecular Emission in Cool Flames" ( 1 ) describes the use of a flame with a lower than usual temperature for analytical flame emission spectroscopy. This technique has allowed Shiffman and Frank and others (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) to observe species often not generated a t higher temperatures, while also minimizing overlapping emission from other excited species and emission originating from compound classes other than those being analyzed.…”

Comparison of three commercially available gas chromatographic-flame photometric detectors in the sulfur mode

“…Experiments comparing the three systems were conducted to determine the most suitable system to be used for each specific application. It is believed that the results of this study will aid other investigators in avoiding some of the pitfalls (10)(11)(12)(13)(14) of FPD (e.g., nonlinearity and compound dependence) and will allow them to advantageously use these instruments for measurement of sulfur gases. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION FPD.…”

“…Accurate determination of low levels of sulfur gases has received considerable attention in recent years (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Usually, the measurement device of choice has been the flame photometric detector (FPD) since its introduction by Brody and Chaney (1) in 1966. In combination with a gas chromatograph (GC), the FPD has become a significant tool for determining individual sulfur gases because of its sensitivity and specificity (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

“…Though a sophisticated design of a dye laser cavity enables the generation of short dye laser pulses (5)(6)(7)(8), the nitrogen laser with subnanosecond pulses might be more useful for the generation of the shorter dye laser pulses and for the use of the nitrogen laser itself as an exciting source. The direct generation of the subnanosecond pulses (0.05-1 ns) from the nitrogen laser has been reported by several authors on the basis of transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) discharge excitation (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). However, very few applications of this TEA nitrogen laser to fluorometry have been reported.…”