Determination of ⁶⁷Zn Distribution in Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) after Foliar Application of ⁶⁷Zn–Lignosulfonates Using Isotope Pattern Deconvolution

Abstract

The improvement of Zn fertilizers requires new techniques to evaluate their efficacy. In this paper, the (67)Zn stable isotope was used as tracer of several Zn-lignosulfonate complexes to study the foliar-applied Zn uptake and distribution behavior in the plant, compared with ZnEDTA. Navy bean plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown hydroponically in a Zn-free nutrient solution, and six modified lignosulfonates and EDTA complexed with (67)Zn were used in foliar application in the young leaves as Zn sources. Zinc isotopes in roots, stems, and sprayed and unsprayed leaves were determined by ICP-MS, and signal interferences caused by the compounds of the digested vegetal samples were corrected. The mathematical procedure of isotope pattern deconvolution allowed the minimization of the uncertainty in the measured molar fractions of Zn from fertilizer or from natural sources. Significant differences in Zn use and distribution were observed among the fertilizers when the calculated concentrations of Zn from the fertilizer were compared, whereas they were unnoticeable attending to the total Zn in plant tissues, usually determined at the conventional studies. By foliar spray, higher Zn uptake and mobilization to leaves and stems were achieved with (67)ZnEDTA than with (67)Zn-LS complexes. The ultrafiltered LS and phenolated LS showed slightly better ability to provide Zn to the bean plants than the other LS. The foliar-applied Zn use and distribution in the plant were related with the stability of the Zn-lignosulfonates complexes. Those presenting the lower stability versus pH, but the highest complexing capacity, were slightly more suitable to supply foliar-applied Zn to navy beans.

The Stoichiometric Transition from Zn6Cu1-Metallothionein to Zn7-Metallothionein Underlies the Up-regulation of Metallothionein (MT) Expression

“…This is a chemometric technique based on multiple least squares for isolating distinct isotope signatures from mixtures of natural abundances and enriched tracers (33). This mathematical tool, in connection with ICP-MS and stable isotopes, has already been applied for the quantification of selenium and iron (34,35) and sulfur-containing biomolecules (32) and finding distribution of zinc in navy beans (36 …”

Novel chelating agents as manganese and zinc fertilisers: characterisation, theoretical speciation and stability in solution

“…In this respect, new sources including novel chelates and complexes are being studied. The biodegradable chelates IDHA [N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic acid] (Lucena et al, 2008;Rodríguez-Lucena et al, 2010b) and EDDS (ethylene diamine disuccinic acid) (González et al, 2007;Rodríguez-Lucena et al, 2010a) or complexes as gluconates and lignosulfonates (Benedicto et al, 2011), which are byproducts from the food and paper industry activity (Gangloff et al, 2006;Akay and Kaya, 2007), have shown promising results. Especially, studies on lignosulfonates of Fe and Zn have increased (Álvarez and Rico, 2003;Martín-Ortiz et al, 2009;Rodríguez-Lucena et al, 2010a;Benedicto et al, 2011).…”

EDTA Shuttle Effect vs. Lignosulfonate Direct Effect Providing Zn to Navy Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L ‘Negro Polo’) in a Calcareous Soil

“…The molecular weight, the presence and the amount of functional groups could modify the efficacy of the fertilizers based on LS as a complexing agent. In a previous work, Benedicto et al (2011) studied Zn Complexing Capacity (ZnCC) of six ZnLS complexes employed in this work and their reactivity vs. pH. This work continues the physical-chemical characterization of six LS complexes, by studying their reactivity vs. different soil components.…”

“…European regulation allows its application in fertirrigation, by foliar spray and recently, direct application to soil. Several authors tested the efficiency of ZnLS complexes in hydroponic culture conditions, in soil conditions or by foliar applications (Álvarez et al, 1996; Moraghan, 1996; Gangloff et al, 2002; Álvarez-Fernández et al, 2007; Gonzalez et al, 2008; Martín-Ortiz et al, 2009; Benedicto et al, 2011). …”