Determination of Surface Area by Surfactant Adsorption in Aqueous Suspension — I. Dodecylamine Hydrochloride

Abstract

Abstract-Conductometric titrations of clay suspensions with surfactant solutions offer a rapid method of surface area determination of clay particles suspended in aqueous media. A cationic surfactant, dodecylamine hydrochloride, was used in this investigation. This surfactant was adsorbed by electrostatic bonding at cation exchange sites and by van der Waals forces. A monomolecular or bimolecular layer of the surfactant coats the particle and the completion of the layer is determined from a change in slope of the conductometric titration curve due to the formation of micelles. Good agreement between this method and BET determined values were obtained for kaolinite. The bentonite suspensions had a strong tendency to flocculate after the initial stage of adsorption causing the results to vary considerably. This method of surface area measurement of clay particles offers many advantages over the present techniques: (1) a dry particle is not required; (2) the equipment is inexpensive and available in many laboratories; (3) the method is rapid; (4) vacuum and high temperature are not required, and (5) the method measures the internal as well as external surface area.

Adsorption and interaction of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane. I. With montmorillonites

“…The negative adsorption seemed to be due to a change in the hydrophilic nature of the systems resulting in preferential adsorption of the solvent or H30+ ions and release of nemagon. Such effects during clay organic interactions have been observed by other workers also (Singhal and Singh, 1972;Singhal and Kumar, 1976;Kalb and Curry, 1969).…”

Methylene Blue Absorption by Clay Minerals. Determination of Surface Areas and Cation Exchange Capacities (Clay-Organic Studies XVIII)

“…It is considered that the amount of methylene blue absorbed under these conditions corresponds to a coverage of the clay surface with methylene blue molecules. This principle has been described by Kalb and Curry (1969) in a recent publication discussing flocculation and electrical conductivity of clays treated with surfactant solutions. If Ms meq of methylene blue are absorbed per 100 g clay when the surface is covered, and ifA,~ is the area per molecule in ~2 on the surface, then the surface area per g of clay is…”

Particle Size Analysis

“…Groves (58) discussed the subject of particles in parenteral solutions, and many other authors added to this. Appino and Robinson (77) and Kirnbauer (85) reviewed the instruments that could be used for liquid-borne particle counting; Kirnbauer also compared their usefulness with reference to a microscopical technique. A survey of light scattering techniques capable of sizing particles in liquid systems was presented by Martens (107) and Muslin (126).…”

“…(184) outlined a method to determine the surfaces of platinum adsorbents by measuring iodine adsorption by a radioactive tracer method. Kalb and Curry (77) followed the adsorption of surfactants on clays by conductimetric titration.…”