Determination of Temik Residues in Raw Fruits and Vegetables

Johnson, D P; Stansbury, Harry A.

doi:10.1093/jaoac/49.2.399

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…c References for water solubilities quoted: Aldrin, Dieldrin (Shell Chemical Corp., 1965); DDT (Robeck et ai., 1965): Parathion (Popov, 1956); Diazinon, Disyston (Schrader, 1963); Carbaryl (UnionCarbide, 1963); Temik (Johnson & Stansbury, 1966). ""Differences observed between control cultures (EtOH treated) and 'compound' treated were significant at the 5 % (a) or 1 % (b) level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of insecticides on growth of HeLa cells

Litterst¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Kajiwara³

1969

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Monolayer cultures of HeLa cells were used t o study the toxicity of selected organophosphorus (parathion, diazinon, Disyston), chlorinated (DDT, aldrin, dieldrin), and carbamate [Carbaryl, Temik (Union Carbide)] insecticides and some of their potential metabolites. Dosages causing 50inhibition of cell culture growth (IDjo) were determined and the effects of the insecticide on synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins were studied. With chlorinated and carbamate insecticides, ID50 values varied inversely with the compound's water solubility. Studies with insecticide metabolites indicated that p-nitrophenol and or-naphthol were as toxic as the parent compounds. After 4.5 hours of incubation at 10 p.p.m., only diazinon had a deleterious effect on D N A synthesis and only D D T affected R N A synthesis while Disyston was the only compound affecting protein synthesis. At 125 p.p.m., aldrin and D D T showed significant disruptions on all three variables, while parathion at its IDjo dose showed no effect on any variable. Exposure of HeLa cells to aspirin or sodium chloride resulted in effects that were similar to those observed with some of the insecticides.idespread use of agricultural chemicals in recent decades has resulted in exposure of the general population to certain amounts of these materials. Analyses of body fat from people throughout the world have shown a small burden of these chemicals (Maier-Bode, 1968), particularly those of the chlorinated hydrocarbon group, which can be traced to residues found in food and in the general environment.The acute, and in many instances chronic, toxicity of these contaminating chemicals has been established for whole organisms, but more information is needed relative to their toxic effect on individual cells. The elucidation of the effects, and ultimately the mechanisms of action, of these chemicals on human cells could add to our understanding of the possible long term effects of agricultural chemicals on humans.Tissue culture as a tool for the determination of the toxicity of pesticidal chemicals was first used by Lewis and Richards (1945) when they treated a variety of chick embryo tissues with DDT. Their negative results showed DDT to be nontoxic to their tissue system a t concentrations as high as 600 parts per million. Not until the middle of the 1960's, however, did workers use cell cultures in an attempt to study insecticide toxicity. In the first of several related publications, Gabliks and Friedman (1 965) determined the insecticidal dose (TD,,) that caused in fifty per cent of the cell culture certain alterations in cell morphology such as cytoplasmic granulation. Using both HeLa cells and Chang liver cells, the growth inhibition by ten or fifty per cent (IDlo or IDjo) was determined for eleven different pesticides by measuring the total amount of protein per culture. Their results indicated that dinitrophenol insecticides such as Karathane were more toxic than either the chlorinated hydrocarbon or organophosphorus insecticides used. tested the effect of severa...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of insecticides on growth of HeLa cells

Litterst¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Kajiwara³

1969

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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show abstract

“…Since the retention times of Temik oxime, the sulfoxide, and the sulfoxide oxime are close together, and these compounds cannot be separated by column chromatography, it is best to remove the oximes prior to the actual analysis. This study utilized acid hydrolysis to convert the oximes quantitatively to their respective aldehydes (Johnson and Stansbury, 1966), which do not interfere with the analysis. It has been reported that carbamates are stable under acid conditions (Cassil and Cullen, 1968;Coppedge et al, 1967) but are rapidly hydrolyzed to form their oximes under basic conditions (Johnson and Stansbury, 1966).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study utilized acid hydrolysis to convert the oximes quantitatively to their respective aldehydes (Johnson and Stansbury, 1966), which do not interfere with the analysis. It has been reported that carbamates are stable under acid conditions (Cassil and Cullen, 1968;Coppedge et al, 1967) but are rapidly hydrolyzed to form their oximes under basic conditions (Johnson and Stansbury, 1966). Heating in aqueous acid solution also extracts the desired compounds from the crop materials, because Temik and its metabolites are soluble in water while the crop materials are not.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Detection of Derivatives of Temik and Its Metabolites as Residues

Beckman¹,

Giang²,

Qualia³

1969

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The analytical procedure of Johnson and Stansbury (1966) was used in this investigation with certain modifications to improve sensitivity and to remove some interfering substances (Meagher et al, 1967). The technique releases the nitrogen of Temik compounds as nitrous acid to allow stoichiometric diazotization of sulfanilic acid, which in turn couples to form a related quantity of dye in solution that is measured spectrophotometrically.…”

Section: Inmentioning

confidence: 99%