Determination of the AC–DC Voltage Transfer Difference of High-Voltage Transfer Standards at Low Frequencies

Interlaboratory Comparison of Thermal AC Voltage Standards

“…The AC-DC transfer difference of this TVC for frequencies above 100 Hz was calculated as the sum of results of performed measurements and theoretically calculated value of AC-DC transfer difference of SUT's reference TVC. At frequencies below 100 Hz, the AC-DC transfer difference of 10 V Holt 11 standard was calculated using the reduced power method [5]. The method is based on the fact that the value of AC-DC transfer difference of a TVC for frequencies below 100 Hz decreases when Joule's power in the TVC heater decreases.…”

“…The Laboratory of AC-DC Standards at the Silesian University of Technology uses a set of Planar Multijunction Thermal Voltage Converters (PMJTCs) manufactured by the Leibniz Institut für Photonische Technologien (IPHT) in Jena (Germany) in cooperation with PTB as working standards. These types of TVCs have a higher sensitivity than the SJTC and are less prone to damage [5]. Most of the PMJTCs are used together with custom-made range resistors mounted in coaxial enclosures.…”

“…A different approach to estimate the AC-DC transfer difference of the SUT reference AC voltage standards was used at lower frequencies (below 50 Hz). The AC-DC transfer difference of these TVCs in frequency range from 10 Hz to approximately 40 Hz was measured using the reduced power method [5]. A frequency-independent component of the AC-DC transfer difference was measured using the Fast-Reversed Direct Current (FRDC) method [11], [7], using the FRDC source developed and constructed at SUT [10].…”

Comparison of a Planar Thin-Film Thermal AC Voltage Standard up to 1 MHz

“…The nominal input voltage for these TVCs ranges from 0.5 V to 1000 V. Their AC-DC transfer differences are calculated using several methods. In the 10 Hz to 40 Hz frequency range the AC-DC transfer difference is measured using the method similar to the one presented in [6]. In the frequency range from 40 Hz to 10 kHz the AC-DC transfer difference is determined using a Fast Reversed DC Source (FRDC) [7,8].…”

Verification of low frequency ac–dc transfer differences of thermal converters using sampling with sine-wave fit

“…Thermal converters show significant ac-dc transfer differences at low frequencies due to nonlinearities mostly located in the thermocouples. A method to determine the ac-dc transfer difference of planar multijunction thermal converters (PMJTCs) at low frequencies has been described in [1].…”