Determination of the activation energy spectrum of structural relaxation in metallic glasses using calorimetric and shear modulus relaxation data

Tsyplakov, A.N.; Mitrofanov, Yu.P.; Макаров, А. С.; Afonin, G.V.; Khonik, V. A.

doi:10.1063/1.4896491

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A good correspondence between the two spectra is indeed seen, indicating the self-consistence of the approach under consideration. Similar results were obtained for two other Pd-and Zr-based glasses [72]. Table 1.…”

Section: Rt Xsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Thus, within the framework under consideration, the total interstitialcy defect concentration frozen-in upon melt quenching is about 2%, and about one tenth of this amount can be annealed out as a result of structural relaxation. This conclusion is valid for all tested MGs [72,74,75].…”

Section: Activation Energy Spectrasupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Integration of the AES allows calculating the change of the concentration ∆c of defect annealing out upon structural relaxation below T g . For the AES shown in Figure 5, this gives ∆c = 0.00161, close to the values determined for other MGs (0.00112 ≤ ∆c ≤ 0.00322 [63,72,73]). The full concentration of interstitialcy defects frozen-in upon glass formation can be determined as c(…”

Section: Activation Energy Spectrasupporting

confidence: 56%

“…This AES starts from the activation energy slightly less than 1.2 eV (this corresponds to temperatures of about 400 K) and ends at activation energies answering to T g [63,72]. Integration of the AES allows calculating the change of the concentration ∆c of defect annealing out upon structural relaxation below T g .…”

Section: Activation Energy Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Parameters of structural relaxation of Pd-and Zr-based glasses [72]: the change of the defect concentration ∆c g = ∫ n g (E 0 )dE 0 determined from G-measurements (where n g is calculated using Equation (9)), the change of the defect concentration ∆c w = ∫ n w (E 0 )dE 0 determined from DSC measurements (where n w is determined using Equation (17) [72]. First, one can calculate the change of the defect concentration during structural relaxation by integrating the spectra determined from measurements of the shear modulus and DSC (i.e., using Equations (9) and (17), respectively).…”

Section: Rt Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Khonik

2015

Metals

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A review of the new approach to the understanding of the structural relaxation of metallic glasses based on the Interstitialcy theory has been presented. The key hypothesis of this theory proposed by Granato consists of the statement that the thermodynamic properties of crystalline, liquid and glassy states are closely related to the interstitial defects in the dumbbell (split) configuration, called also interstitialcies. It has been argued that structural relaxation of metallic glasses takes place through a change of the concentration of interstitialcy defects frozen-in from the melt upon glass production. Because of a strong interstitialcy-induced shear softening, the defect concentration can be precisely monitored by measurements of the unrelaxed shear modulus. Depending on the relation between the current interstitialcy concentration c and interstitialcy concentration in the metastable equilibrium, different types of structural relaxation (decreasing or increasing c) can be observed. It has been shown that this approach leads to a correct description of the relaxation kinetics at different testing conditions, heat effects occurring upon annealing, shear softening and a number of other structural relaxation-induced phenomena in metallic glasses. An intrinsic relation of these phenomena with the anharmonicity of the interatomic interaction has been outlined. A generalized form of the interstitialcy approach has been reviewed.

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Section: Rt Xsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Activation Energy Spectrasupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Activation Energy Spectrasupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Activation Energy Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rt Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Khonik

2015

Metals

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Measurement of Onset of Structural Relaxation in Melt‐Quenched Phase Change Materials

Kersting

Sarwat

Gallo

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Chalcogenide phase change materials enable non‐volatile, low‐latency storage‐class memory. They are also being explored for new forms of computing such as neuromorphic and in‐memory computing. A key challenge, however, is the temporal drift in the electrical resistance of the amorphous states that encode data. Drift, caused by the spontaneous structural relaxation of the newly recreated melt‐quenched amorphous phase, has consistently been observed to have a logarithmic dependence in time. Here, it is shown that this observation is valid only in a certain observable timescale. Using threshold‐switching voltage as the measured variable, based on temperature‐dependent and short timescale electrical characterization, the onset of drift is experimentally measured. This additional feature of the structural relaxation dynamics serves as a new benchmark to appraise the different classical models to explain drift.

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Collective Structural Relaxation in Phase‐Change Memory Devices

Gallo

Krebs

Zipoli

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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Recent first-principles calculations by Raty et al., [25] Gabardi et al., [26] and Zipoli et al. [22] on the prototypical phase-change material GeTe provide significant insights into the microscopic Phase-change memory devices are expected to play a key role in future computing systems as both memory and computing elements. A key challenge in this respect is the temporal evolution of the resistance levels commonly referred to as "resistance drift." In this paper, a comprehensive description of resistance drift as a result of spontaneous structural relaxation of the amorphous phase-change material toward an energetically more favorable ideal glass state is presented. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the microscopic origin of the structural relaxation. Based on those insights, a collective relaxation model is proposed to capture the kinetics of structural relaxation. By linking the physical material parameters governing electrical transport to such a description of structural relaxation, an integrated drift model that is able to predict the current-voltage characteristics at any instance in time even during nontrivial temperature treatments is obtained. Accurate quantitative matching with experimental drift measurements over a wide range of time (10 decades) and temperature (160-420 K) is demonstrated.

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Determination of the activation energy spectrum of structural relaxation in metallic glasses using calorimetric and shear modulus relaxation data

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Understanding of the Structural Relaxation of Metallic Glasses within the Framework of the Interstitialcy Theory

Measurement of Onset of Structural Relaxation in Melt‐Quenched Phase Change Materials

Collective Structural Relaxation in Phase‐Change Memory Devices

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