Determination of the activity and the average annual dose of absorbed uranium and polonium in drinking water from Warsaw

Abstract

Uranium and polonium isotopes were measured in tap water and groundwater from the Warsaw area (Poland). The mean values of 210 Po, 234 U and 238 U in surface intakes were 0.12, 3.91 and 2.75 mBq dm −3 and for deep water intakes were 0.25, 0.24 and 0.20 mBq dm −3 , respectively. The annual dose absorbed as a result of the consumption of drinking water by a inhabitant was calculated on the basis of measurements of polonium and uranium activity. The calculated value is only a negligible part (approximately 0.02%) of the dose taken from natural sources, which is estimated at 2.4 mSv year −1 .

Long term studying of uranium and radium-226 activity in drinking water in some regions of Ukraine and assessment of corresponding hypotetical irradiation doses

“…In Poland drinking water radioactivity and corresponding irradiation is warring wide from low for Warsaw 46 , where considered 210 Po, 234 U and 238 U isotopes as for surface 0.12, 3.91 and 2.75 mBq/l and for deep-water intakes were 0.25, 0.24 and 0.20 mBq/l, respectively. The annual dose absorbed because of the consumption of drinking water by an inhabitant is below 0.5 μSv/y.…”

Improvements of 210Po determination method in thermal water samples

“…Polonium coprecipitation was an important step to improve the MDA and sensitivity of the method. Hydroxy iron (Fe(OH) 3 ) and oxit manganese (MnO 2 ) were the most frequently used reagents for polonium co-precipitation (Martin., 1998;Kim., 2009;Lee., 2010;Lee., 2014;Fonollosa., 2015;Sekudewicz., 2019;Jia., 2001). There were some ways to coprecipitate polonium such as a Te carrier from an SnCl 2 solution (Rushing., 1966), bismuth phosphate (Holgye., 2007;Maxwell., 2013), and by cobalt ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (Co-APDC) chelate (Wildgust., 1998;Gasco., 2002), calcium phosphate (Haridasan., 2001) and calcium carbonate (Nozaki., 1973).…”

Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

“… 8 − 10 In some cases, the radionuclide concentrations in groundwater are elevated, and as a consequence, ionizing radiations (α-, β-, and γ-rays) emitted from these ingested and/or inhaled radionuclides pose serious radiological risks to humans. 9 , 11 For this reason, the radiological quality of drinking water must be strictly and regularly controlled due to its importance to human health and environmental protection.…”

“…Groundwater contains dissolved minerals and natural radionuclides in the 238 U and 232 Th decay series and 40 K with different concentrations . The concentrations of these radionuclides depend on the seasonal precipitation variation, the infiltration time, the mineralogical and geochemical composition of the rocks and soil through which the water flows, redox conditions, weathering, exhalation, etc. − In some cases, the radionuclide concentrations in groundwater are elevated, and as a consequence, ionizing radiations (α-, β-, and γ-rays) emitted from these ingested and/or inhaled radionuclides pose serious radiological risks to humans. , For this reason, the radiological quality of drinking water must be strictly and regularly controlled due to its importance to human health and environmental protection.…”