Determination of the apparent effective ionization coefficient in mixtures of He and O₂ using steady-state Townsend discharge: effect of penning ionization and attachment

Abstract

He:O2 gas mixtures are popular in many non-thermal plasma applications because of the good thermal conductivity of He and high production of reactive oxygen species. The applications utilizing reactive oxygen species, in particular, applications in biomedicine require accurate knowledge of the fundamental ionization parameters of gases such as the ionization coefficient. This study was focused on experimental determination of the reduced apparent effective ionization coefficient αea/N in He:O2 mixtures. Experiments were conducted in the absolute pressure range of 10 - 800 Torr and reduced electric field E/N range of 40 - 1000 Td utilizing a steady-state non-self-sustaining Townsend discharge. Experimental results were compared with a theoretical model which was based on BOLSIG+ calculation of ionization and attachment coefficients and additionally considered the ion conversion of O- to O2-, detachment from O2- and formation of O3- and Penning ionization by He metastable species. The measurements agreed reasonably well with model calculations. Comparison with model suggest that He metastable species affect net ionization in He:O2 mixtures with O2 concentrations up to 10% often encountered in the applications and thus should be included in models of atmospheric pressure plasmas. The attachment of electrons became important at O2 concentrations above 10% and is therefore less important in most applications.