Determination of the degree of electrolytic dissociation of perchloric acid by vapor pressure

Viscometric Behavior of Concentrted Perchloric Acid

“…There are number of reports on the properties of perchloric acid in detail using spectroscopic, analytical and physical methods [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The dependence of viscosity of aqueous perchloric acid and chemical shifts of NMR as a function of concentration has been reported 7,8 . In the study, it has been concluded that the ionization of perchloric acid takes place upto 6.0moldm -3 and above this the partially ionized forms are formed.…”

The Water Activity and Free Water Mole Fraction in Perchloric Acid

“…Provided that x H 2 O X ð Þ is known, the related function a H2O x H2O ð Þ can be derived. The formula for the determination of x H2O as described in the literature [3] is where h denotes the hydration numbers of ions and X denotes the analytical (or acidimetric) concentration of perchloric acid in scale of mole fractions. It is simplified by a change of variables n = (1-X)/X:…”

“…At the same time the linear dependence a HClO 4 ¼ x HClO 4 is also found, where a HClO 4 ¼ p HClO 4 . p 0 HClO4 is the activity and x HClO 4 is the mole fraction of undissociated perchloric acid [3].…”

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“…Certainly some of these acids and NH 4 OH may be smelt (but this should be avoided) from concentrated aqueous solutions showing their volatile nature. Even very strong acids such as nitric acid and perchloric acid may act differently at the low dielectric interfaces (Shamay et al 2007;Karelin and Tarasenko, 2003). The drop in surface tension of sulfuric acid in low to moderate concentrations at low (< 18°C) to very low temperatures (Myhre et al 1998) is unusual and needs some explanation.…”