Determination of the Distribution of Nonionic Surface Active Agents between Water and Iso-octane

Greenwald, Harold L.; Kice, E. B.; Kenly, M.; Kelly, J. C.

doi:10.1021/ac60171a049

Cited by 48 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] These studies have demonstrated how the critical micellar concentration (cmc), surface and interfacial tension, the size and shape of surfactant aggregates, and cloud points are affected by temperature, salt type and concentration, and the size of ethoxylate headgroups. The main drawback in these studies is that impure samples have been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Monolayer Structure of the Branched Nonyl Phenol Oxyethylene Glycols at the Air−Water Interface

Green

et al. 2000

J. Phys. Chem. B

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The structure of the monolayers formed by a group of monodisperse nonyl phenol ethoxylates with parasubstituted 1-butylpentyl chains (para-(C 4 H 9 ) 2 CHC 6 H 4 (OC 2 H 4 ) n OH, abbreviated to BNPE n , n ) 4, 8, and 12) at the air-water interface has been determined by surface tension measurements and neutron reflection. The critical micellar concentration (cmc) was found to be 1.1 ( 0.3 × 10 -5 M for BNPE 4 , 4.0 ( 0.3 × 10 -5 M for BNPE 8 and 8.0 ( 0.3 × 10 -5 M for BNPE 12 and the limiting area per molecule (A cmc ) at the cmc to be 46 ( 3, 61 ( 4, and 75 ( 5 Å 2 , respectively. The values of A cmc are almost identical to those obtained from dodecyl ethoxylates (C 12 E n ) for the same size of the headgroups, suggesting that A cmc for these nonionic surfactants is determined by the size of the headgroups and is not affected by the chemical structure of the hydrophobic chains. The thicknesses of the nonyl phenol layers projected onto the surface normal direction were found to be 18 ( 3 Å for BNPE 4 , 19 ( 3 Å for BNPE 8 , and 22 ( 3 Å for BNPE 12 . In all cases they were about twice as thick as the fully extended chain, suggesting a broad distribution of the hydrophobic chain across the layer and hence a strong mixing of the chain with the ethoxylate groups.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Monolayer Structure of the Branched Nonyl Phenol Oxyethylene Glycols at the Air−Water Interface

Green

et al. 2000

J. Phys. Chem. B

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“…The slope represents the partition coefficient (K) for NPEO in each solvent system. been shown in the literature to decrease above its cmc (11,16). Figure 1 shows the partition isotherms of NPEO for the three aqueous/organic solvent systems used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Spectroscopic methods to quantitate aromatic-containing nonionic surfactants have been published which use UV absorbance or fluorescence (9)(10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Extraction of Nonionic Surfactants from Waste Water Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography

Menges

Bertrand

et al. 1992

Journal of Liquid Chromatography

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Journal of Liquid ChromatographyPublication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: ABSTRACT A novel method for the extraction of nonionic surfactants from waste water is described which uses centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The extractant is the liquid stationary phase of the CPC apparatus, and the raffinate serves as the mobile phase. Partition coefficients (K) of nonionic surfactants were measured between water and several common organic solvents to determine the best extractant. The effect of salt concentration on K is examined. Extractions are demonstrated which remove a nonionic surfactant from a relatively large volume of simulated waste water into a relatively small volume *To whom correspondence should be sent. 2909 C o p y n a t 0 1992 by Marcel Dekker, Inc Downloaded by [McMaster University] at 22:54 27 December 2014 2910 MENGES ET AL.of ethyl acetate extractant. In order to assess the viability of this method, nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) was chosen because of its UV absorbance characteristics.

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“…The ubiquity of lignans related to the 2,3-dimethylphenylnaphthalenes (2-10) is well documented, and the breadth of occurrence of cytotoxic substances related to podophyllotoxin is continually expanding (1 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Isolation of these materials from H .…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophilic—Lipophilic Balance and Distribution Coefficients of Nonionic Surfactants

Schott

1971

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Determination of the Distribution of Nonionic Surface Active Agents between Water and Iso-octane

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

The Monolayer Structure of the Branched Nonyl Phenol Oxyethylene Glycols at the Air−Water Interface

The Monolayer Structure of the Branched Nonyl Phenol Oxyethylene Glycols at the Air−Water Interface

Extraction of Nonionic Surfactants from Waste Water Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography

Hydrophilic—Lipophilic Balance and Distribution Coefficients of Nonionic Surfactants

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