Determination of the efficiency of high-entropy cutting tool materials

Ryzhkin, A. A.; Burlakova, Victoria E.; Moiseev, Denis; Puchkin, V. N.; Fominoff, E. V.

doi:10.3103/s1068366616010153

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The resulting cemented carbide with a HEA binder phase withstood much higher cutting speeds in metal-cutting than conventional WC-Co cemented carbides [58]. The increased durability of cutting tools was also observed for cemented carbides with CoFeCu and CoMoTi medium entropy alloy binders [60].…”

Section: Phase Transitions In the Bindermentioning

confidence: 86%

WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review

Straumal

Konyashin

2023

Metals

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Cemented carbides have belonged to the most important engineering materials since their invention in the 1920s. Commonly, they consist of hard WC grains embedded in a cobalt-based ductile binder. Recently, attempts have been made to substitute the cobalt using multicomponent alloys without a principal component (also known as high entropy alloys—HEAs). HEAs usually contain at least five components in more or less equal amounts. The substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs can lead to the refinement of WC grains; it increases the hardness, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of cemented carbides. For example, a hardness of 2358 HV, fracture toughness of 12.1 MPa.m1/2 and compression strength of 5420 MPa were reached for a WC-based cemented carbide with 20 wt.% of the equimolar AlFeCoNiCrTi HEA with a bcc lattice. The cemented carbide with 10 wt.% of the Co27.4Cr13.8Fe27.4Ni27.4Mo4 HEA with an fcc lattice had a hardness of 2141 HV and fracture toughness of 10.5 MPa.m1/2. These values are higher than those for the typical WC–10 wt.% Co composite. The substitution of Co with HEAs also influences the phase transitions in the binder (between the fcc, bcc and hcp phases). These phase transformations can be successfully used for the purposeful modifications of the properties of the WC-HEA cemented carbides. The shape of the WC/binder interfaces (e.g., their faceting–roughening) can influence the mechanical properties of cemented carbides. The most possible reason for such a behavior is the modification of conditions for dislocation glide as well as the development and growth of cracks at the last stages of deformation. Thus, the substitution of a cobalt binder with HEAs is very promising for the further development of cemented carbides.

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Section: Phase Transitions In the Bindermentioning

confidence: 86%

WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review

Straumal

Konyashin

2023

Metals

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“…Among the modern trends in improving performance and cutting properties of hard alloys (HA) used as inserts to equip the cutting tools (CT) the direction associated with improving carbide phase composition and the search for new materials for binding phases can be selected [1], [2], [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies of thermodynamic processes in the friction zone based on entropy balance equations obtained analytical dependence indicating that wear rates are lower for HA grades with large values of the thermal entropy S [1], [5]. It has been established experimentally that HA grades with high values of S have smaller values of absolute or relative thermo electrical moving force (thermo-EMF), which leads to a decrease in the magnitude of thermo currents in the cutting (or friction) zone and reduce the oxidative wear rates [1], [6]. Thus, when designing new HA grades preference should be given to structures characterized by highest values of the thermal entropy and minimal values of the thermo-EMF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values of relative thermo-EMF of these binders towards carbide phase are lower, and their entropy values are higher than for the base alloy VK8, obtaining their increased electrochemical stability. As a result of the tests, it was established that the best wear resistance when cutting stainless steel [1] and high resistance to gas corrosion [7] have alloys which chemical composition and properties are listed in table 1, 2. Wear resistance of the material depends on its physical-mechanical properties including the modulus of elasticity and hardness [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribological Characteristics of Experimental Hard Alloy Grades With Modified Cobalt Binder Under Conditions of Dry Friction on Titanium-Aluminum Alloy Vt-3

Beskopylny¹,

Fominov²,

Shuchev³

et al. 2019

PES

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The paper is dedicated to investigations of tribological characteristics of experimental tool hard alloy (HA) grades based on tungsten carbide with modified cobalt binder under conditions of dry friction on disks made of titanium-aluminum alloy VT-3, as well as measures of their surface micro-hardness. All measured parameters were compared with similar characteristics of standard HA grade VK8, on the basis of which these experimental grades were developed. The research found that the surface micro-hardness of all experimental HA grades as pins were higher than that for the basic grade VK8; the highest value was fixed for the HA grade with symbol mark 2.22 (composition of the binder -5.65% Co +1.8% Mo +0.6% Ti). The highest wear resistance was obtained for 2.23 (5.1%Co+2.7%Mo+0.61%Ti) and 2.21 (5.4%Co+1.43%Fe+0.82% Cu), the lowest -for grade 2.22. The analysis of friction processes peculiarities allows to explain the high wear resistance of grades 2.21 and 2.23 by features of surface structures ("the third body") formation during friction. Friction process for these HA grades include the periods of "the third body" intensive growth to the considerable thickness values, as well as the periods of its abrasion; due to this phenomena resulting wear rates for these two grades proved to be significantly lower than for the base grade VK8. The "third body" generated during friction protects surfaces from wear, at the same time it has its own significant shear resistance and increases actual contact area, due to this phenomena the friction forces for grades 2.21 and 2.23 are somewhat higher than for basic grade VK8. The grade 2.22 is characterized by the highest average friction force and its r.m.s. deviation value, which result in the greatest wear rates for both the HA pins and rotating disks. So according to the results of testing the best results among the investigated experimental HA grades were obtained for grade 2.23: the lowest average friction coefficient and the lowest track surface roughness on rotating disks, as well as the highest wear resistance values.

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“…[10]. Однако развивающаяся сегодня синергетическая концепция описания процессов, протекающих в станках [11,12], позволяет говорить не о каждом отдельно взятом факторе, а о некоторой совокупности взаимосвязанных и взаимодействующих факторов, определяющих механизм самовозбуждения системы управления резанием [13,14].…”

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Determination of the optimal metal processing mode when analyzing the dynamics of cutting control systems

Lapshin¹,

Moiseev²

2023

Metal Working and Material Science

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Introduction. In numerous experimental studies of metal cutting processes on metal-cutting equipment, the existence of some optimal processing mode is noted, which was most vividly formulated by A.D. Makarov in his point on the existence of an optimal cutting temperature (processing speed). Here, by the authors from Russia, the emphasis is on the description of the optimality of cutting processes related to the properties of the processed material and the properties of the tool used in this process. However, there is another opinion in the Western scientific literature, which is generally based on the regenerative nature of vibrations in cutting dynamics. Vibration regeneration is associated with the dynamics of the cutting process, which is significantly affected by a lagging argument reflecting the variability of the cut layer. The connection of these two approaches is seen through the analysis of the stability domain of the dynamic cutting system in the parameter space: cutting speeds and tool wear values. Subject. Based on this, the paper considers the question of the relationship between the optimal according to A.D. Makarov the processing mode and the dynamics of the cutting process, including the regeneration of tool vibrations during metal turning. To do this, two research hypotheses are formulated and numerical modeling is performed in order to determine its reliability. Purpose of the work: to consider the position of A.D. Makarov on the existence of an optimal cutting mode, from the point of view of the stability of the dynamics of metal turning. For this purpose, two hypotheses are put forward in the work to be analyzed. The paper investigates: a mathematical model describing the dynamics of vibration oscillations of the cutting wedge tip, taking into account the dynamics of the temperature formed in the contact zone and its influence on the forces that prevent the forming motions of the tool. Research methods: a series of field experiments was carried out on a metalworking equipment using the capabilities of the measuring stand STD.201-1, the purpose of which was to determine the effect of the thermal expansion of metals on the value of the buoyant force. Based on numerical simulation of the initial nonlinear mathematical models, as well as simulation of models linearized in the vicinity of the equilibrium point, an analysis of the stability of the cutting system with variations in the cutting speed and the amount of tool wear along the flank is conducted. The results of the work. The results of field experiments are presented, which showed a significant linear increase in the force pushing out the tool with an increase in temperature in the contact zone of the tool and the workpiece. The results of simulation of the state and the corresponding phase trajectories when the cutting wedge is embedded in the workpiece, as well as the forces decomposed along the axis of deformation of the tool, are presented. The results of modeling the Mikhailov vector hodograph for a linearized model of the dynamics of the cutting process are presented. Conclusions: The research results have shown that only the second hypothesis put forward by the authors makes it possible to adequately interpret the point put forward by A.D. Makarov. The main addition to the description of the point of A.D. Makarov, the authors consider it necessary to take into account changes in the pushing force with an increase in the temperature of the contact zone of the tool and the workpiece.

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Determination of the efficiency of high-entropy cutting tool materials

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review

WC-Based Cemented Carbides with High Entropy Alloyed Binders: A Review

Tribological Characteristics of Experimental Hard Alloy Grades With Modified Cobalt Binder Under Conditions of Dry Friction on Titanium-Aluminum Alloy Vt-3

Determination of the optimal metal processing mode when analyzing the dynamics of cutting control systems

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