Determination of the extent of incorporation of a reactive surfactant in polystyrene latex particles via GPC

Lai, Zhen; Sudol, E. David; Dimonie, Victoria L.; El‐Aasser, M. S.

doi:10.1002/pola.20738

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The fraction of Jeffamine D‐4000 that is chemically bound to the carbonated poly( Myr ‐co‐GMA) can be calculated using Equations S1–S3 (≈55% of Jeffamine D‐4000 was not chemically bound to the carbonated Myr /GMA‐70) (Figure S9 and Table S2, Supporting Information). [ 54 ] It was not possible to remove excess Jeffamine D‐4000 from the mixture. Both synthesized NIPU and Jeffamine D‐4000 are liquids and no solvent could be found to act as a non‐solvent for either the synthesized NIPU or Jeffamine D‐4000.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Myrcene‐Based Resins with Amine Ended Poly(Propylene Glycol) Side Chains Bonded Through Hydroxyurethane Linkages

Farkhondehnia

Younes

Marić

2022

Macro Reaction Engineering

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Hybrid non‐isocyanate poly(urethanes) (HNIPUs) are designed from a precursor whose carbonate functionality is derived from epoxy‐functional statistical copolymers. Specifically, a bio‐based diene (β‐myrcene) is copolymerized via conventional free radical polymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) at different molar ratios, producing flexible copolymers with epoxy pendant groups, which are then reacted with carbon dioxide to yield the precursors with cyclic carbonate functionality. Subsequent addition of an amine‐terminated telechelic poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) forms urethane linkages in the side chains, whose concentration is tuned by varying the GMA initial molar fraction. The NIPUs are end‐capped with silanes to enable moisture curing, resulting in HNIPUs with elongations at break up to 150%, and relatively low elastic moduli varying from 32 kPa to 50 kPa as the number of urethane side linkages increases from 6 to 22. The swelling ratio of the NIPUs is also measured in tetrahydrofuran (THF). As the number of urethane side chains increases, the swelling ratio of the NIPUs decreases (710% to 620%), indicating a higher crosslinking density. All samples have gel contents higher than 50% in THF, indicating non‐crosslinked species in the hybrid samples which confirms the relatively low reported tensile moduli.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Myrcene‐Based Resins with Amine Ended Poly(Propylene Glycol) Side Chains Bonded Through Hydroxyurethane Linkages

Farkhondehnia

Younes

Marić

2022

Macro Reaction Engineering

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“…They strongly influence the nucleation of the latex particles, emulsification of monomer droplets, stabilization of polymer particles during polymerization, and the shelf-life stability of the products [6,7]. Some negative effects of the presence of conventional surfactants in latex are foaming and migration to interfaces during film formation, giving as a result, water-sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semicontinuous heterophase polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of reactive surfactant HITENOL BC10

et al. 2012

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Semicontinuous heterophase polymerization was used to copolymerize methyl methacrylate (MMA) with reactive surfactant HITENOL BC10 (HBC10) at 60°C using sodium dodecyl sulfate as pre-stabilizing agent and potassium persulfate as initiator. The mixture of MMA and HBC10 was added at constant rate in continuous mode varying the MMA/HBC10 ratio. High-polymerization rates were observed, decreasing as the MMA/HBC10 ratio decreased. Latexes with polymer content near 20% and polymer to surfactant (P/S) weight ratios between 5 and 15 were obtained. Particle sizes distribution were bimodal in all cases with a tendency to be monomodal as HBC10 concentration increased which was ascribed to enhanced particle stabilization by the presence of HBC10. The average particle diameters at the end of polymerizations for the first and second populations were around 10 and 50 nm, respectively. Very high average molecular weights were observed (1.4 9 10 6 B M w B 2.1 9 10 6 g/mol), which decreased when HBC10 concentration increased. The corresponding polydispersity indexes (M w /M n ) were in the range of 1.45-2.24.

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“…One of their most useful applications is the production of polymeric latexes by dispersion, emulsion, mini-emulsion and micro-emulsion polymerization systems [2]. They impact strongly the nucleation of latex particles, emulsification of monomer droplets, stabilization of polymer particles throughout polymerization and the shelf-life (stability) of the products [3][4][5]. Some negative effects of the presence of conventional surfactants in the latex are foaming and migration to interfaces during film formation, resulting in water sensitivity [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-assisted polymerization of methyl methacrylate using the reactive surfactant Hitenol BC10 in a semicontinuous heterophase process

et al. 2014

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with R a ; however, monomer-starved conditions were favored at lower R a values. Very high-average molecular weights were observed (1.63 × 10 6 ≤ M w ≤ 2.34 × 10 6 g/ mol) which decreased when HBC10 concentration increased, and increased with R a . The corresponding polydispersity indexes (M w /M n ) were in the range of 1.55-2.30, showing relatively wide molar masses distributions. It was observed from differential scanning calorimetry that polymers with HBC10 presented two T g (123 and 178 °C) which was ascribed to HBC10 incorporated to PMMA chain, corroborated by 1 H NMR.

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Determination of the extent of incorporation of a reactive surfactant in polystyrene latex particles via GPC

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Development of Myrcene‐Based Resins with Amine Ended Poly(Propylene Glycol) Side Chains Bonded Through Hydroxyurethane Linkages

Development of Myrcene‐Based Resins with Amine Ended Poly(Propylene Glycol) Side Chains Bonded Through Hydroxyurethane Linkages

Semicontinuous heterophase polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of reactive surfactant HITENOL BC10

Ultrasound-assisted polymerization of methyl methacrylate using the reactive surfactant Hitenol BC10 in a semicontinuous heterophase process

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