Determination of the genotype-adenovirus that causes multiple infections

Abstract

Background: Human Adenovirus (HAdV) is considered one of the important viruses that infect humans and cause multiple infections in the body, it is one of the important causes of conjunctivitis, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, causing diarrhea. The current study was done to determine the genotype of HAdV in Egypt. Materials:The study was conducted from November 2021 to November 2022. 120 samples (90 stool samples and 15 conjunctival and 15 respiratory samples) were collected from different regions of Egypt, Information related to age, sex and region were recorded. The HAdV was detected serological by ILFST test. The positive samples were cultured and HAdV isolated on Vero cell lines. HAdV was collected from infected cells and then identified using the multiplex PCR technique. The genotype HAdV was determined through bioinformatics. Results: Through this study, ILFST test, HAdV was detected in 20 (22.22%) out of 90 stool samples, while the conjunctival and respiratory samples was negative. 12 out of 20 samples were cultured on Vero cells. The cytopathic effect CPE was observed with 6 out of 12 samples. Three samples were identified as adenovirus using the multiplex PCR, and confirmed by agarose with expected 350 bp. The nucleotides sequences of 3 isolates were alignmented with HAdV isolates recorded in gene bank with 96-98 %. The three HAdV isolates appeared that belong to genotype F-40 by phylogentic tree. Interestingly, the Human adenovirus genotype F-40 was the most common genotype in Egypt. our work revealed the infection rate, virus isolates, genetic diversity, seasonal distribution, of HAdV infections in samples in Qalyubia, Cairo and Alexandria. Through this study and previous studies that converge with it in some results in Egypt and some countries of the world, enteric adenovirus genotype F especially the serotype 40, play a key role in gastroenteritis especially for those under five years old in Egypt.