Determination of the gravitational constant with a lake experiment: New constraints for non-Newtonian gravity

Hubler, B.; Cornaz, A.; Kündig, W.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.51.4005

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It is based on a beam balance which is a suitable device for measuring the gravitational force [12]. The idea of this experiment and the experience on how to operate the balance is based on our successful storage lake experiment, where the gravitational force of water has been measured in order to test Newton's inverse-square law [13,14]. This new experiment is a modern variation of the method used by von Jolly [5] and Richarz and Krigar-Menzel [6].…”

Section: (Received 19 August 1997)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The balance and the basic weighting technique is discussed in more detail in Refs. [12][13][14][15][16], for example.…”

Section: (Received 19 August 1997)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relaxation of mechanical stress in the components of the balance, especially in the flexure strips, can be released by abrupt variations of the load of the balance [16]. Therefore, the exchange is performed in such a way that the total load is held constant within 61 g during the exchange [14].…”

Section: (Received 19 August 1997)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravitational Constant Measured by Means of a Beam Balance

1998

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We present a new method to measure the gravitational constant G. A beam balance compares the weight of two 1-kg test masses and measures the gravitational force of two field masses with a statistical uncertainty of 10 ng. Two vessels in a refined arrangement are used as field masses. They have been filled with water as a test. G has been determined with an uncertainty of 240 ppm. The next step is to fill the vessels with mercury. Because of the larger signal and further refinement of our experiment, we hope to reach the design uncertainty of 10 ppm. [S0031-9007 (97)05223-X] PACS numbers: 04.80.CcThe gravitational constant G is known with a relative uncertainty of only 128 ppm (part per million) while the uncertainty of all other fundamental constants is rapidly decreasing to values considerably below 1 ppm [1][2][3]. The most precise device for measuring the gravitational force is the torsion balance, first applied by Cavendish 200 years ago. Until 1890 beam balances were also used to measure the gravitational force [4][5][6]. The accuracy was limited to 0.16% at best [6], and these measurements were given up in favor of the torsion balance. During past few decades, no essential progress of the technique for measuring G has been made. Recent attempts with different techniques failed to improve the uncertainty of G [7-9]. The current results, as well as several former results, show unexplained discrepancies. No significant deviations from Newton's gravitational law were found experimentally. The most obvious explanation is, therefore, systematic errors even for the traditional torsion balance technique [10,11].In order to overcome this situation, we proposed a new experiment. It is based on a beam balance which is a suitable device for measuring the gravitational force [12]. The idea of this experiment and the experience on how to operate the balance is based on our successful storage lake experiment, where the gravitational force of water has been measured in order to test Newton's inverse-square law [13,14]. This new experiment is a modern variation of the method used by von Jolly [5] and Richarz and Krigar-Menzel [6]. Our first results have already provided a significant accuracy improvement over the earlier beambalance experiments. This is possible because of a different method and the general progress grained in mechanics, automation, and weighing techniques.The principle of our new experiment is shown in Fig. 1: To large masses are moved in the vertical direction and alternately positioned in one of two states. Their gravitational field acts on two small test masses which are separately suspended on wires. The suspension devices of the test masses are alternately connected to a single-pan beam balance which measures the weight change due to the gravitational force. The arrangement of two test and field masses is symmetrical and en-ables a differential measurement such that many disturbing forces and drift effects cancel each other out.The field masses have a cylindrical shape. They have an axial bore in orde...

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Section: (Received 19 August 1997)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The balance and the basic weighting technique is discussed in more detail in Refs. [12][13][14][15][16], for example.…”

Section: (Received 19 August 1997)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gravitational Constant Measured by Means of a Beam Balance

1998

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“…5 As the accuracy of lunar laser ranging improves, one can expect this limit on M dm to improve. Added Note Gary Gibbons [16] has pointed out that if one assumes that there is no dark matter bound to the earth, then the comparison of GM ⊕ as determined by LAGEOS, with that determined by lunar ranging, gives a bound on possible non-Newtonian modifications to the gravitational force, and he has alerted me to several references [17], [18], [19] where the use of satellite orbits to restrict non-Newtonian force models has been discussed. To illustrate with the numbers employed above in the dark matter discussion, if one assumes G = G far for the G value relevant both for lunar ranging and for the asteroid determination of the earth to moon mass ratio, and G = G near for the G value relevant for the LAGEOS orbit, and takes M dm = 0, then one has 4 The LAGEOS orbit is usually described in terms of its altitude of 5, 900 km above the earth's surface, which lies about 6, 400 km from the earth's center.…”

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confidence: 99%

Placing direct limits on the mass of earth-bound dark matter

Adler¹

2008

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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We point out that by comparing the total mass (in gravitational units) of the earthmoon system, as determined by lunar laser ranging, with the sum of the lunar mass as independently determined by its gravitational action on satellites or asteroids, and the earth mass, as determined by the LAGEOS geodetic survey satellite, one can get a direct measure of the mass of earth-bound dark matter lying between the radius of the moon's orbit and the geodetic satellite orbit. Current data show that the mass of such earth-bound dark matter must be less than 4 × 10 −9 of the earth's mass.Current interest in dark matter has been heightened by the recent report by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration [1] of evidence for galactic halo dark matter, based on their observation of an annual modulation signal. Astrophysical arguments suggest that the galactic halo dark matter mass density is around 0.3(GeV/c 2 )cm −3 , but it is still an open question whether in addition to dark matter bound to the galaxy, there may be larger dark matter concentrations bound to the sun, and bound to the earth. The possibility of sun-bound dark matter was discussed in an article of Frère, Ling and Vertongen [2], who pointed out that local dark matter concentrations in the galaxy may

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“…Fujii pointed out (Fujii 1971) that the addition of a Yukawa-type potential to the conventional gravitational potential, forming modified Newtonian gravitational potential, can describe the phenomenon of non-Newtonian gravity. Also, some scientists have referred to it as a new fundamental intermediate-range force (Hubler et al 1995), i.e., the fifth force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of non-Newtonian gravity on the properties of strange stars

Lù

Peng

Zhou

2017

Res. Astron. Astrophys.

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The properties of strange star matter are studied in the equivparticle model with inclusion of non-Newtonian gravity. It is found that the inclusion of non-Newtonian gravity makes the equation of state stiffer if Witten's conjecture is true. Correspondingly, the maximum mass of strange stars becomes as large as two times the solar mass, and the maximum radius also becomes bigger. The coupling to boson mass ratio has been constrained within the stability range of strange quark matter.

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Determination of the gravitational constant with a lake experiment: New constraints for non-Newtonian gravity

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Gravitational Constant Measured by Means of a Beam Balance

Gravitational Constant Measured by Means of a Beam Balance

Placing direct limits on the mass of earth-bound dark matter

Effects of non-Newtonian gravity on the properties of strange stars

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