“…The application field of CDM theory is very extensive: the theory has been used to describe fatigue [25], creep [27], biomechanical problems [28], brittle or ductile fracture [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] or fracture related to impact [36] problems. In this paper, we focus on ductile damage for which there are a lot of damage models (a more detailed bibliographical study of macroscopic ductile damage models can be found in Jeunechamps [37]): let us cite for example Lemaitre's model [21,[38][39][40][41], Goldthorpe's model [42][43][44], Geers' model [45-50], Cochran and Banner's model [51-53], Bonora's model [54, 55], Johnson-Cook's model [56-58] modified by Borvik and Langseth [36, 59-62] and Longere's [63, 64], Omerspahic's [65] and Zhu's [66] anisotropic models.In such a context, the choice of a generic damage formulation is by no means trivial. From a theoretical point of view, following Besson [1], it is clear that phenomenological models do not represent plastic volume variation and consequently void growth.…”