“…The Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory was shown to be useful to characterize radioactive transitions for RE-doped solids, as well as aqueous solutions, and to estimate the intensities of the transitions for rareearth ions [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. This theory defines a set of three intensity parameters, ˝ ( = 2, 4, 6), that are sensitive to the environment of the rare-earth ions.…”