Determination of the limits of identification and quantitation of selected organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticide residues in surface water by full-scan gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Tahboub, Yahya R.; Zaater, Mohammad F.; Al-Talla, Zeiad A.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.064

Cited by 78 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In order to determine the OCPs in aqueous solution, various methods, i.e., liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [3][4][5], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [6,7], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [8][9][10][11][12], dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [13][14][15], liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), [16,17], single-drop microextraction (SDME) [18], ultrasound assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) [19], polymer-coated hollow fiber microextraction (PC-HFME) [20], and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) [21,22] have been used. Among these methods, LLE and SPE are the oldest procedures for the extraction of OCPs from aqueous matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viable and Rapid Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water

Özcan

2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) procedure was developed for the determination of different organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water samples by GC-MS. After the determination of the most suitable extraction solvent and rotational speed of the vortex, parameters such as vortex extraction time, solvent volume, ionic strength of the sample were optimized by using a 2 3 factorial experimental design. The optimized extraction conditions for 5 mL water sample were as follows: extraction solvent, bromoform; solvent volume, 50 mL; vortex extraction time, 2 min at 3000 rpm with no ionic strength adjustment, centrifugation 5 min at 4000 rpm. Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.011-0.052 and 0.037-0.173 mg/L, respectively. Mean recoveries of OCPs from fortified water samples are 96% for three different fortification levels between 0.1 and 5 mg/L and relative standard deviations of the recoveries are below 6%. The performance of the developed method was compared with traditional liquid-liquid extraction on real water samples including tap water, well water, surface (lake and stream) water, municipal wastewater, and treated municipal wastewater and comparable extraction efficiencies were obtained. The proposed VALLME procedure requires small volumes of solvent and water sample. It is viable, rapid, and easy to use for the determination of OCPs in water samples by using GC-MS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viable and Rapid Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water

Özcan

2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Before the chromatographic measurement, an extraction and preconcentration step is necessary [9,10]. Traditional methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [11][12][13] or solid-phase extraction (SPE) [14][15][16][17][18], have been applied to the extraction of OCPs in aqueous samples. However, conventional LLE requires large amounts of toxic organic solvents and sample volumes which make LLE expensive and environmentally unfriendly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Extraction Combined with GC–ECD for the Determination of Organochlorinated Pesticides in Water

Rezaei

Hosseini

2012

Chromatographia

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In this study, improved homogeneous liquidliquid extraction (HLLE), equipped with GC-ECD has been developed for the extraction and determination of organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) in water. The phase separation phenomenon occurred by temperature in a ternary solvent (water/methanol/chloroform) system. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized with orthogonal array design. Furthermore, in this study, for the first time, before immiscible organic phase formation, different volumes of deionized water were subjected to homogeneous solution to investigate the effect of this factor on the extraction performance of HLLE. Optimal results were as follows: volume of the extracting solvent (chloroform), 50 lL; volume of the consolute solvent (methanol), 1.2 mL; volume of the sample, 2.5 mL; volume of the deionized water, 0.5 mL; time of centrifuge, 7 min. Under the optimum conditions, repeatability was obtained by spiking OCPs at concentration level of 20 lg L -1 , the RSDs varied between 4.8 and 10.7% (n = 4). The limits of detection of 0.02-0.12 lg L -1 were obtained for the OCPs. Enrichment factors and the extraction percent of the studied compounds were in the range of 240-300 and 69.2-84.0%, respectively. Finally, the results of the proposed HLLE method were compared with the same HLLE method without addition of deionized water. The results indicated that the proposed method has higher enrichment factors and lower detection limits.

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“…Among these methods, LLE and SPE are the oldest procedures for the extraction of OCPs from aqueous matrices. LLE is probably the most widely used method for the extraction of OCPs from aqueous samples (Barcelo´, 1993, Fatoki & Awofolu, 2003Tahboub et al, 2005). However, LLE needs relatively large volumes of organic solvents and samples and it is time-consuming as well as a labor-intensive method, and hazardous to health and environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, residue analyses of OCPs in waters and soils by developing analytical procedure continue to be an active area of research in recent years (Santos & Galceran, 2004). Trace analysis of OCPs in water is usually performed by gas chromatography (GC) combined with a previous an extraction or a pre-concentration step including traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (Barcelo´, 1993, Fatoki & Awofolu, 2003Tahboub et al, 2005), solid phase extraction (SPE) (Aguilar et al, 1996;, solid phase microextraction (SPME) (Page & Lacroix, 1997;Aguilar et al, 1999;Tomkins & Barnard, 2002;Li et al, 2003;Dong et al, 2005) and the more recently developed liquid phase microextraction under different names, i.e., dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) (Cortada et al, 2009a;Leong & Huang, 2009;Tsai & Huang, 2009), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) (Huang & Huang, 2007;Farahani et al, 2008), single-drop microextraction (SDME) (Cortada et al, 2009b), polymer-coated hollow fiber microextraction (PC-HFME) (Basheer et al, 2004), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) (Leo´n et al, 2003;Pe´rez-Carrera et al, 2007), ultrasound assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) (Ozcan et al, 2009a), vortex assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VALLME) (Ozcan, 2010). Among these methods, LLE and SPE are the oldest procedures for the extraction of OCPs from aqueous matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%