Determination of the Malachite Green in Sediment by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

Abstract

A new method of determination of malachite green (MG) in sediment has been developed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). It is based on use of a deoxidation reaction which converts malachite green (MG) into LMG in the process of extraction. The sediment samples were extracted with a solution of formic acid and acetonitrile. Clean up and isolation was performed on MCX solid phase extraction (SPE) column. Chromatographic separation was achieved by using C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (0.05 M, pH 4.5) (80:20, v/v). High performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (λex=265 nm and λem=360 nm) was used for the determination of LMG. The recovery values of MG in sediment samples fortified with MG were determined by measuring the amount of MG in the samples, after carrying out deoxidation reaction with potassium borohydride, which converts the MG into LMG. Under the optimized conditions, the average recoveries of MG from sediment at three levels (1.0, 10 and 50 μg/kg) were 85.0% (range from 80.8 to 87.6%). Relative standard deviations (RSD) of recoveries at all fortification levels were less than for 9.57% for MG. The method detection limit obtained for MG was 0.5 μg/kg.

Identification of malachite green in industrial wastewater using lignocellulose biomass composite bio-sorbent and UPLC-MS/MS: a green environmental approach

“…The approaches employed for the removal of MG are independent from the strategies used for the quantification of MG, however these are related because both require capturing MG efficiently. The analysis of MG comprises sample clean-up (typically including liquid-liquid extraction [18][19][20] or solid phase extraction (SPE) using commercial cartridges [21][22][23] in combination with the separation of the purified extracts (with liquid chromatography, including ion chromatography [24,25] or capillary electrophoresis [26]) and its detection (based on spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (typically with quadrupole, ion trap or time of flight analysers) [27][28][29]. These extraction and separation techniques have some limitations as other substances from the wastewater sample matrix are often be co-extracted, can co-elute and hinder the accurate determination of the target analyte; tedious sample treatment with use of large volumes of organic solvents are required [29].…”

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction based on nanoparticles followed by spectrophotometry for the simultaneous determination of dyes using experimental design

“…Easley absorption of malachite green (MG) (fungicide and antiseptic agent)in aquaculture by fish and subsequent reduction to the lipophilic leucomalachite green (LMG)cause health and environmental hazards [10]. USA, Europe (Council Directive 96/23/EC) and other countriesstrictly hindrance from MG applicationfor veterinary treatment due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties [11].Extensive application ofseafoodled to diminish their content in addition to fast growth of the aquaculture industrywhich contain high content of MG as low cost, easy availability may generate hazards for different systems [12,13].AO and MG was quantified by various method and/or instruments likehigh performance liquid chromatography [2,5,10],liquid chromatography [14,15], spectrophotometry [16,17],capillary electrophoresis [18] and electrochemical determinations, [19] Several AO and MGseparation and preconcentrationare carried out based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) [16,20], cloud point extraction (CPE) [21,22],liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase micro-extraction (SPE) and dispersive solid-phase micro-extraction (DSMPE) [16,[23][24][25][26][27].Most of these reports have their own advantages and disadvantages, while amongst SPE procedures show remarks likesimplicity, capability to eliminate undesirable matrix components which accelerate and candidate this technique for such propose at aforementioned level [14].…”

A sensitive electrochemical impedance immunosensor for determination of malachite green and leucomalachite green in the aqueous environment

“…Water samples were obtained from the Badu River channel, Fangshan District, Beijing, at a depth of 0.5 m. A volume of 10 μL of PBH (0.02 mol/L)/mL water solution was added to induce the MG reduction reaction [26]. The HCl solution (0.1 mol/L) was used to neutralize water samples after the reaction, and the samples were passed through 0.22-μm filter paper (Jinteng company, Tianjin, China) prior to voltammetric analysis.…”