Determination of the normal and maximum reach measures of adult wheelchair users

Lack of research-based standards for accessible housing: problematization and exemplification of consequences

“…Considering the number of persons living with functional limitations and the increasing ageing population, research contributing to development of standards leading to the design of accessible environments is important to accommodate the well being and health (Wilcock 2006). Moreover, it is interesting to note that in the literature review, although limited to studies on physical functional limitations among adults, the seven publications included only targeted wheeled mobility users (Steinfeld et al 2010;D'Souza et al 2009;Paquet and Feathers 2004;Kozey and Das 2004;Steinfeld, Paquet and Feathers 2004;Ringaert et al 2001;Das and Kozey 1999). Viewed in the light of the fact that there is a much larger proportion of e.g.…”

“…In fact, since only 15 persons in our large study sample used a wheelchair compared to 380 persons using other types of mobility devices (about the half were rollator users), we now know that mobility device users in general make large demands on the housing design, which to the best of our knowledge was hitherto unknown. According to Kozey and Das (2004), also when it comes to the number of sub-groups within the wheelchair user population, more knowledge is needed in order to be able to design environments that match the requirements of these individuals. In other words, there is a need to generate more knowledge on person-environment fit interactions in order to ensure access for as many as possible (Keates and Clarkson 2004).…”

Comparison of Anthropometric Dimensions in Healthy and Disabled Individuals

“…Figure 1 shows static measurements, including height, length, and width. After obtaining contact with official staff and wheelchair users, individuals were held in standard posture and dimensions were measured based on the studies of Flayed, Patio, Kozy, and Harrows (9,(11)(12)(13). Measurements were performed while males had underwear and females had loose clothing and were without shoes; after body physical measurements some modifications were applied on their shoes (2.5 cm added heel).…”

“…It is clear that during this period, people, population demography, and physical features have undergone severe changes (8). Hence, such data, although available for healthy individuals, is rare for disabled people, who use wheelchairs (9). Also, some designers have designed equipment for disabled people based on the features of healthy people (10).…”

Applicability of Malaysian Standards and Universal Design in Public Buildings in Putrajaya

“…Many studies stress on the vulnerability of inaccessible environment to the disabled people which highlights the importance of barrier-free environment in today's world (Carr, Francis, Rixlin and Stone, 1992;Zola, 1993;Chapireau and Colvez, 1998;Antonak and Livneh, 2000;Haq, 2003;Putnam, Greenen, Powers, Saxton, Finney and Dautel, 2003;Metts, 2004). Numerous studies which assess the design for less-able group in architecture have also been conducted in many countries including Malaysia (Blanck, Schur, Kruse, Schwochan and Song, 2003;Darcy and Harris 2003;Kozey and Das, 2004;Thapar, Warner, Drainoni, Williams, Ditchfield, Wierbicky and Nesathurai, 2004;Wiman and Sandhu, 2004;Head and Baker, 2005;Abdul Rahim, 2006;Saito, 2006;Rashid, Hussain and Yusuff, 2008;Abd Shukor and Othman, 2010;Jamaludin, Mohd Ali and Mohamad, 2010). These studies have contributed to the improvement of global accessibility system in developed countries as well as developing countries.…”