Determination of the optimal power ratio between electrolysis and renewable energy to investigate the effects on the hydrogen production costs

Economic analysis of hydrogen production in Germany with a focus on green hydrogen, considering all three major water electrolysis technologies

“…16 It can therefore be only assumed that these values refer to green hydrogen. Compared to the values by Hofrichter et al (0.7–13.5 € per kg H 2 ) 10 for PEMs from renewable sources, the value ranges by Yue et al are very narrow.…”

“…6 1.1 Literature Regarding the LCOH, plenty of articles have already been published. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In this regard, the number of published articles in terms of hydrogen and cost has signicantly increased since 2015. This is evidenced by Yue et al who conducted an extensive literature review on the topic.…”

Reconfiguring European industry for net-zero: a qualitative review of hydrogen and carbon capture utilization and storage benefits and implementation challenges

“…144 This is underscored by BEIS and other research highlighting that attaining economically competitive hydrogen production costs is a major challenge but key to its integration into the energy system. 145–148…”

“…144 This is underscored by BEIS and other research highlighting that attaining economically competitive hydrogen production costs is a major challenge but key to its integration into the energy system. [145][146][147][148] In the business model comments, experts commented, for instance, that the main challenge for hydrogen deployment deals with ''delivering adequate business models'', particularly ''the interaction between transport and storage business models'' is what adds complexity to the hydrogen economy. Research on this topic notes that, although hydrogen is ready to scale up, its market remains in the early stages, and the uncertain future evolution of markets and technologies deters pioneers from making final investment decisions.…”

How advances in theoretical chemistry meet industrial expectations in electrocatalysts for water splitting

“…This translates to cell efficiencies of 55–65%, with a total overpotential of 0.4–0.7 V, out of which the activation losses at the OER electrode are about 60–80% of the total catalytic losses. 63 To become cost competitive, H 2 from WEL should be below 2.6 € per kg, 64,65 thus, not only the efficiency, but also capital expenditures (CAPEX), must be improved. Nowadays, the cost of hydrogen from electrolysers is about ∼10 € per kg, 66,67 and this is waiting to be decreased by the appearance of cheaper renewable sources of electricity and cheaper stack technology.…”