The purpose of this article is to solve the problem of determining the cost of a water resource for the participants of thewater-economiccomplex (WEC) on the basis of the optimal control of hydro power plants’ (HPP) functioning, taking into account their regime characteristics and requirements. In this work, a universal method, which combines an optimization method and a method for assessing marginal utility, was proposed to assess the cost of the hydro resource and control the operating modes of the WEC.The method developed by the authors involves the use of water balance, the adequate representation of the incremental rate characteristicand the determination of the cost of the hydro resource for thecontrol of the operating modes of the WEC and HPP. Using the example of the Novosibirsk WEC, as well as HPPs and TPPs,an assessment of theenergy efficiency, proposing the concept of a developed methodology for determining the price of water for HPPs and all participants in the WEC, will be obtained. Based on the results of the implementation of the developed approach at Novosibirsk HPPs, theelectricity sales pricecompetitive electricity market can be matched with the electricity sales price generated at TPP, which will be approximately0.16¢/kW * h.